Lucre

gan: In the Old Testament the translation of three Hebrew substantives, betsa`, "unjust gain," "any gain" (Judg 5:19; Job 22:3; Prov 1:19; Prov 15:27; Isa 33:15; Isa 56:11; Ezek 22:13; Ezek 22:17; Mic 4:13); mechir, "price" for which a thing is sold (Dan 11:39, the only place where the Hebrew word is translated "gain" in the King James Version, though it occurs in other places translated "price"); tebhu'ah, "produce," "profits," "fruit" (Prov 3:14). It is the translation of one Hebrew verb, batsa`, "to gain dishonestly" (Job 27:8); of one Aramaic verb, zebhan, "to buy," "procure for oneself" (Dan 2:8, here used of buying time, i.e. "seeking delay" (Gesenius)).

In the New Testament, the translation of three Greek substantives, ergasia, "gain gotten by work," "profit" (Acts 16:16; Acts 16:19; Acts 19:24 (the King James Version)); kerdos, "gain," "advantage" (Phil 2:1; Phil 3:7, in the former, Paul asserting that to him to die was a personal advantage, because then he would "be with Christ"; in the latter, he counts as "loss" his personal privileges in the flesh, when compared with "the excellency of the knowledge of Christ"); porismos, "gain," "a source of gain" (1 Tim 6:5; 1 Tim 6:6, where the apostle asserts, not "gain" (earthly) is godliness, but godliness is "gain" (real, abiding)).

It is the translation of three Greek vbs., kerdaino, "to gain," "acquire," in Matt 16:26, where Jesus teaches that the soul, or life in its highest sense ("his own self," Luke 9:25), is worth more than the "gaining" of the whole (material) world; Matt 18:15, concerning the winning of a sinning brother by private interview; Matt 25:17; Matt 25:22, the parable of the Talents; Acts 27:21 the King James Version, injury "gained," sustained, by sailing from Crete; 1 Cor 9:19; 1 Cor 9:20 bis, 21,22, all referring to Paul's life-principle of accommodation to others to "gain," win, them to Christ; in Jas 4:13 used in a commercial sense; poieo, "to make," "make gain" (Luke 19:18 the King James Version, the parable of the Pounds); prosergazomai, "to gain by trading" (Luke 19:16, commercial use, in the same parallel).

Charles B. Williams

lu'-ker, loo'-ker (betsa'>; kerdos): Literally, "gain" (1 Sam 8:3; Titus 1:7), hence, in the New Testament always qualified by "filthy" (1 Tim 3:8, "not greedy of filthy lucre" aischrokerdes; so Titus 1:7). The adverb is found in 1 Pet 5:2 (see also Titus 1:11). In 1 Tim 3:3, the Revised Version (British and American) changes the King James Version to "no lover of money" (@aphilarguros).