אִם
Engelsk if
I GT 1068 gange i den hebraiske tekst (BHSA)
Brown-Driver-Briggs
אִם conjunction (= Aramaic if [and in , אֶלָּא = if not, except], Arabic if [and in = if not, except], Ethiopic (§mma) if = מָה + אִם ( + ) [and in (allâ) if not, but], Assyrian umma; also in Arabic 'An?' = , compare הַאִם: see NöM p. 208, ZMG 1886, p. 739; WAG i. § 367 e)
**ᵑ7Onk Jon אִם, ᵑ7Hag אין.
1. hypothetical particle if.
\ \ a. construction (see more fully Dr§ 136-138, 143 FriedrichDie Hebr. Condit. sätze 1884): (1) with imperfect (continued by perfects & waw consecutive; apodosis usually begins with perfect & waw consecutive or bare imperfect; or, if necessary, with imperative or jussive)
\ \ \ (a) of future time: 1 Mos 18,26 אִםאֶֿמְצָא if I shall find 50 righteous in Sodom, וְנָשָׂאתִי I will pardon, etc., 1 Mos 24,8; 1 Mos 32,9; 5 Mos 1,52 b 1 Kong 6,12; Sl 89,31; 1 Mos 42,37; Dom 13,16; 1 Kong 1,52 a Sl 132,12.
\ \ \ (b) of past time (rare, but classical): 1 Mos 31,8 אִם יאֹמַר if everhe said . . . וְיָָֽלְדִוּ then they used to bear, etc., 2 Mos 40,37 & in the protestations Job 31,7; Job 31,13; Job 31,16; Job 31,25 etc. (alternating with pff., see below, & with jussives in apodosis)
\ \ \ (c) assuming a purely imaginary case (with imperfect in both clauses, like the double optative in Greek), if, though: 1 Mos 13,16 so that אִםיֿוּכַל if a man were able to number the stars, thy seed also יִמָּנֶה might be numbered, 4 Mos 22,18; Es 1,18 כַּשָּׁנִים יַלְבִּינוּ ׳אִםיִֿהְיוּ ח though your sins were as scarlet, they should become white as snow, Amos 9,2–4 אִםיַֿחְתְּרוּ though they were to dig into Sheôl, from thence תִּקָּחֵם would my hand fetch them, Sl 27,3; Sl 139,8 +. (2) with participle (expressing either a present process, or an approaching future: apodosis as 1 a) 1 Mos 24,42; 1 Mos 24,49; Dom 6,36; Dom 9,15; Dom 11,9 אִם מְשִׁיבִים אַתֶּם if ye are going to bring me back . . . ׳וְנָתַן י then ׳י will, etc.; similarly with יֵשׁ or אֵין 1 Mos 44,26; 2 Mos 22,2; 1 Sam 20,8; 1 Sam 23,23 & with no explicit copula 5 Mos 22,2; 5 Mos 25,2; 3 Mos 1,3; 3 Mos 1,14, etc. (3) with perfect
\ \ \ (a) of future or present time (continued by perfects & waw consecutive: apodosis as 1 a) 1 Mos 43,9 אִםלֹֿא הֲבִיאֹתִיו אֵלֶיךָ וְהִצַּגְתִּיו לְפָנֶיךָ if I do not bring him back (si eum non reduxero) and set him before thee, I will be guilty for ever, 1 Mos 47,6 if thou knowest that there are men of worth among them וְשַׂמְתָּם then make them, etc., Dom 16,17; 2 Sam 15,33; 2 Kong 7,4; Sl 41,7; Sl 94,18; Job 7,4; Job 9,30f. Job 10,14 אִם חָטָאתִי וּשְׁמַרְתָּ֑נִי if I sin, thou watchest me. On אִםנָֿא 1 Mos 18,3 and elsewhere see נָא.
\ \ \ (b) of past time, whether
\ \ \ (a) in actual fact, or (β) in an assumed case (the perfect is here continued by the imperfect and waw consecutive; apodosis begins as before).
\ \ \ (a) Dom 9,16–19 אִם ֗֗֗ עֲשִׂיתֶם if ye have done honestly וַתַּמְלִיכוּ and have made Abimelech king . . ., 1 Sam 26,19 especially in protestations, as Sl 7,4 אִם עָשִׂיתִי זאת if I have done this . . ., let the enemy pursue my soul, etc. Jer 33,25f.; Job 31,5f; Job 31,9, etc.
\ \ \ (b) 4 Mos 5,27 if she have defiled herself וַתִּמְעֹל and been faithless, וּבָאוּ then shall they come, etc., 4 Mos 15,24; 4 Mos 35,22–24.
\ \ \ (c) with bare perfect in apodosis, in sense of If ... had ..., only 5 Mos 32,30 אִםלֹֿא כִּי were it not that ..., Sl 73,15. (לוּ is more usual in such cases.) (4) with infinitive once (si vera 1.) Job 9,27 אִם אָמְרִי = if I say (literally if (there is) my saying). — Note that the verb following אִם is often strengthened by the infinitive absolute, as 2 Mos 15,26; 2 Mos 19,5; 2 Mos 21,5; 2 Mos 22,3; 2 Mos 22,12; 2 Mos 22,16; 2 Mos 22,22; Dom 11,30; Dom 14,12; Dom 16,11 etc.; compare DrSm i. 20, 6.
\ \ a. construction (see more fully Dr§ 136-138, 143 FriedrichDie Hebr. Condit. sätze 1884): (1) with imperfect (continued by perfects & waw consecutive; apodosis usually begins with perfect & waw consecutive or bare imperfect; or, if necessary, with imperative or jussive)
\ \ \ (a) of future time: 1 Mos 18,26 אִםאֶֿמְצָא if I shall find 50 righteous in Sodom, וְנָשָׂאתִי I will pardon, etc., 1 Mos 24,8; 1 Mos 32,9; 5 Mos 1,52 b 1 Kong 6,12; Sl 89,31; 1 Mos 42,37; Dom 13,16; 1 Kong 1,52 a Sl 132,12.
\ \ \ (b) of past time (rare, but classical): 1 Mos 31,8 אִם יאֹמַר if everhe said . . . וְיָָֽלְדִוּ then they used to bear, etc., 2 Mos 40,37 & in the protestations Job 31,7; Job 31,13; Job 31,16; Job 31,25 etc. (alternating with pff., see below, & with jussives in apodosis)
\ \ \ (c) assuming a purely imaginary case (with imperfect in both clauses, like the double optative in Greek), if, though: 1 Mos 13,16 so that אִםיֿוּכַל if a man were able to number the stars, thy seed also יִמָּנֶה might be numbered, 4 Mos 22,18; Es 1,18 כַּשָּׁנִים יַלְבִּינוּ ׳אִםיִֿהְיוּ ח though your sins were as scarlet, they should become white as snow, Amos 9,2–4 אִםיַֿחְתְּרוּ though they were to dig into Sheôl, from thence תִּקָּחֵם would my hand fetch them, Sl 27,3; Sl 139,8 +. (2) with participle (expressing either a present process, or an approaching future: apodosis as 1 a) 1 Mos 24,42; 1 Mos 24,49; Dom 6,36; Dom 9,15; Dom 11,9 אִם מְשִׁיבִים אַתֶּם if ye are going to bring me back . . . ׳וְנָתַן י then ׳י will, etc.; similarly with יֵשׁ or אֵין 1 Mos 44,26; 2 Mos 22,2; 1 Sam 20,8; 1 Sam 23,23 & with no explicit copula 5 Mos 22,2; 5 Mos 25,2; 3 Mos 1,3; 3 Mos 1,14, etc. (3) with perfect
\ \ \ (a) of future or present time (continued by perfects & waw consecutive: apodosis as 1 a) 1 Mos 43,9 אִםלֹֿא הֲבִיאֹתִיו אֵלֶיךָ וְהִצַּגְתִּיו לְפָנֶיךָ if I do not bring him back (si eum non reduxero) and set him before thee, I will be guilty for ever, 1 Mos 47,6 if thou knowest that there are men of worth among them וְשַׂמְתָּם then make them, etc., Dom 16,17; 2 Sam 15,33; 2 Kong 7,4; Sl 41,7; Sl 94,18; Job 7,4; Job 9,30f. Job 10,14 אִם חָטָאתִי וּשְׁמַרְתָּ֑נִי if I sin, thou watchest me. On אִםנָֿא 1 Mos 18,3 and elsewhere see נָא.
\ \ \ (b) of past time, whether
\ \ \ (a) in actual fact, or (β) in an assumed case (the perfect is here continued by the imperfect and waw consecutive; apodosis begins as before).
\ \ \ (a) Dom 9,16–19 אִם ֗֗֗ עֲשִׂיתֶם if ye have done honestly וַתַּמְלִיכוּ and have made Abimelech king . . ., 1 Sam 26,19 especially in protestations, as Sl 7,4 אִם עָשִׂיתִי זאת if I have done this . . ., let the enemy pursue my soul, etc. Jer 33,25f.; Job 31,5f; Job 31,9, etc.
\ \ \ (b) 4 Mos 5,27 if she have defiled herself וַתִּמְעֹל and been faithless, וּבָאוּ then shall they come, etc., 4 Mos 15,24; 4 Mos 35,22–24.
\ \ \ (c) with bare perfect in apodosis, in sense of If ... had ..., only 5 Mos 32,30 אִםלֹֿא כִּי were it not that ..., Sl 73,15. (לוּ is more usual in such cases.) (4) with infinitive once (si vera 1.) Job 9,27 אִם אָמְרִי = if I say (literally if (there is) my saying). — Note that the verb following אִם is often strengthened by the infinitive absolute, as 2 Mos 15,26; 2 Mos 19,5; 2 Mos 21,5; 2 Mos 22,3; 2 Mos 22,12; 2 Mos 22,16; 2 Mos 22,22; Dom 11,30; Dom 14,12; Dom 16,11 etc.; compare DrSm i. 20, 6.
\ \ b. Special uses: (1) repeated ... אִם אִם whether ... or (sive ... sive) 2 Mos 19,13; 5 Mos 18,3; 2 Sam 15,21 similarly אִם ֗֗֗ וְאִם 1 Mos 31,52; Jer 42,6; Ezk 2,5; Praed 11,3; Praed 12,14 (compare ... , ... PS250; ... & ... ).(2) After an oath (expressed, or merely implied) אִם (the formula of imprecation being omitted) becomes an emphatic negative, and אִםלֹֿא an emphatic affirmative: 2 Sam 11,11 by thy life אִםאֶֿעֱשֶׂה אֶתהַֿדָּבָר הַזֶּה (may God bring all manner of evil upon me) if I do this thing! = surely I will not do this thing! (compare the full phrases in 1 Sam 3,17; 2 Kong 6,31) 1 Mos 14,23; 1 Mos 42,15; 4 Mos 14,23; 1 Sam 3,14; 1 Sam 19,6; 2 Kong 2,2; 2 Kong 3,14 & often; Es 22,14; Sl 89,36; Sl 95,11; Job 6,28 אִםלֹֿא 4 Mos 14,28; Jos 14,9; 1 Kong 20,23; 2 Kong 9,26; Es 5,9; Es 14,24; Jer 15,11; Jer 49,20; Job 1,11 + especially Ezekiel; after a negative clause, emphasizing a contrasted idea, 1 Mos 24,38 (where the explanation by Aramaic אֶלָּא is not supported by Hebrew usage), compare Jer 22,6. Repeated, אִם ֗֗֗ וְאִם 2 Sam 20,20; 2 Kong 3,14; Es 62,8; Jer 38,16; Ezk 14,16. In adjurations (with 2nd or 3rd person) = that not 1 Mos 21,23; 1 Mos 26,29; 1 Mos 31,50; 1 Sam 24,22; 1 Kong 1,51; Hoj 2,7; Hoj 3,5 +. Of past or present time: 1 Sam 25,34 as ׳י liveth (I say) that, unless thou hadst hastened ..., כִּי אִם נוֺתַר that surely there had not been left ...! 1 Sam 17,55 as thy soul liveth אִםיָֿדַעְתִּי if I Know it! 1 Kong 17,12; 1 Kong 18,10 — both אִםיֵֿשׁ (כִּי here merely introduces the fact sworn to, & need not be translated; so 2 Sam 3,35: see כִּי); Sl 121,2 אִםלֹֿא (after a negative clause: compare above 1 Mos 24,38). compare Str§ 90.(3) Part, of wishing, if but ...! oh that ...! (rare) Sl 81,9 If thou wouldest hearken to me! Sl 95,7; Sl 139,19; Ord 24,11. compare 2 Mos 32,32. With an imperative (si vera lectio) Job 34,16 וְאִםִֿבּינָה; and with an anacoluthon, 1 Mos 23,13 (P) אִםאַֿתָּה לוּ שְׁמָעֵנִי if thou! — oh that thou wouldst hear me!(4) Nearly = when — with the perfect:
\ \ \ (a) of past, 1 Mos 38,9; 4 Mos 21,9 וְהָיָה אִםנָֿשַׁךְ ֗֗֗ וְרָאָה and it used to be, if or when a serpent had bitten a man, that he would look, etc., Dom 6,3; Sl 78,34 (see Dr§ 136 δ Obs.); Amos 7,2.
\ \ \ (b) of present or future, Es 4,4 אִם רָחַץ when the Lord shall have washed, Es 24,13; Es 28,25 compare 4 Mos 36,4 (with the imperfect)
\ \ c. Compounded with other particles: —
\ \ \ (a) בִּלְתִּי אִם except if, except, 1 Mos 47,18; Dom 7,14; Amos 3,3; Amos 3,4. (β) הֲלוֺא אִם 2 Kong 20,19 (for which Es 39,7 has sim-ply כִּי), perhaps Is it not (good), if ...? (De Di). (γ) כִּיאִֿם, q. v. (δ) עַד אִם 1 Mos 24,19; 1 Mos 24,33; Es 30,17; Rut 2,21, & עַד אֲשֶׁר אִם 1 Mos 28,15; 4 Mos 32,17; Es 6,11, until, properly until if or when. (ε) רַק אִם if only (see below רַק). אִםלֹֿא in Ezk 3,6b is very difficult. The Vrss render If I had sent, etc., implying לֻא for אִםלֹֿא (for Ew's אִםלֻֿא = אִלּוּ, q. v., is precarious): Ges Hi Co 'but (אִםלֹֿא after a negative, compare above 1 Mos 24,38; Sl 131,2) unto them (Israel) have I sent thee: they can understand thee' (but understand is a dubious rendering of שָׁמַע אֶל).
2. Interrogative particle a. in direct question:
\ \ \ (a) alone (not frequently and usually = Num? expecting the answer No, especially in a rhet. style): 1 Mos 38,17; 1 Kong 1,27; Dom 5,8 מָגֵן אִםיֵֿרָאֶה וָרֹמַח was there a shield to be seen or a spear ...?Es 29,16 and repeated Amos 3,6; Jer 48,27; Job 6,12.
\ \ \ (b) more frequently in disjunctive interrogation:
\ \ \ (a) הֲ ֗֗֗ אִם, expressing a real alternative Jos 5,13 הֲלָנוּ אַתָּה אִםלְֿצָרֵינוּ art thou for us, or for our enemies? Dom 9,2; 1 Kong 22,6; 1 Kong 22,15: more often expressing a merely formal alternative, especially in poetry (a rhetorical Num?) 1 Mos 37,8; 4 Mos 11,12; 4 Mos 11,22; Dom 11,25b 2 Sam 19,36; Es 10,15; Es 66,8; Jer 3,5; Hab 3,8; Sl 77,10; Sl 78,20; Job 4,17; Job 6,5; Job 6,6; Job 10,4; Job 10,5; Job 11,7 etc. (β) הֲ ֗֗֗ וְאִם (rarer than הֲ ֗֗֗ אִם, but similar in use) 2 Sam 24,13 (a real alt.); Es 49,24; Es 50,2; Jer 5,9 (Jer 5,29 אִם) Jer 14,22; Joel 1,2; Joel 4,4; Job 8,3; Job 11,2; Job 21,4; Job 22,3; Job 34,17; Job 40,8f. (formal); 1 Mos 17,17 P (with an anacoluthon) shall a child ...? וְאִםשָֿׂרָה הֲבַתתִּֿשְׁעִים שָׁנָה תֵּלֵד or Sarah, — shall she that is 90 years old bear? Ord 27,24 (וְאִם after negative clause),
\ \ b. in oblique interrogation, if, whether:
\ \ \ (a) alone, after verbs of seeing, inquiring, etc. 2 Kong 1,2; Jer 5,1; Jer 30,6; Mal 3,10; Sl 139,24; Hoj 7,13; Klg 1,12; Ezr 2,59 once מִי יוֺדֵעַ אִם who knoweth if ...? i.e. (like haud scio an) perhaps Est 4,14 (older synonym מִי יוֺדֵעַ alone: see 2 Sam 12,22; Joel 2,14; Jon 3,9).
\ \ \ (b) disjunctively הֲ ֗֗֗ אִם 1 Mos 27,21; 4 Mos 13,18–20 so אִם ֗֗֗ וְאִם Jos 24,15.
\ \ c. compounded with הֲ, הַאִם 4 Mos 17,28 הַאִם תַּמְנוּ לִגְוֺעַ probably an emphatic Num? Shall we ever have finished dying? Job 6,13 difficult: perhaps Is it that my help is not in me? (a forcible means of expressing that that which might be thought impossible is nevertheless the case); Hi as an aposiop., If my help is not in me (am I still to wait) ? (The view that הַאִם = הֲלֹא nonne? is inconsistent with the fact that אִם in a question has regularly the force of Num?)
\ \ \ (a) alone (not frequently and usually = Num? expecting the answer No, especially in a rhet. style): 1 Mos 38,17; 1 Kong 1,27; Dom 5,8 מָגֵן אִםיֵֿרָאֶה וָרֹמַח was there a shield to be seen or a spear ...?Es 29,16 and repeated Amos 3,6; Jer 48,27; Job 6,12.
\ \ \ (b) more frequently in disjunctive interrogation:
\ \ \ (a) הֲ ֗֗֗ אִם, expressing a real alternative Jos 5,13 הֲלָנוּ אַתָּה אִםלְֿצָרֵינוּ art thou for us, or for our enemies? Dom 9,2; 1 Kong 22,6; 1 Kong 22,15: more often expressing a merely formal alternative, especially in poetry (a rhetorical Num?) 1 Mos 37,8; 4 Mos 11,12; 4 Mos 11,22; Dom 11,25b 2 Sam 19,36; Es 10,15; Es 66,8; Jer 3,5; Hab 3,8; Sl 77,10; Sl 78,20; Job 4,17; Job 6,5; Job 6,6; Job 10,4; Job 10,5; Job 11,7 etc. (β) הֲ ֗֗֗ וְאִם (rarer than הֲ ֗֗֗ אִם, but similar in use) 2 Sam 24,13 (a real alt.); Es 49,24; Es 50,2; Jer 5,9 (Jer 5,29 אִם) Jer 14,22; Joel 1,2; Joel 4,4; Job 8,3; Job 11,2; Job 21,4; Job 22,3; Job 34,17; Job 40,8f. (formal); 1 Mos 17,17 P (with an anacoluthon) shall a child ...? וְאִםשָֿׂרָה הֲבַתתִּֿשְׁעִים שָׁנָה תֵּלֵד or Sarah, — shall she that is 90 years old bear? Ord 27,24 (וְאִם after negative clause),
\ \ b. in oblique interrogation, if, whether:
\ \ \ (a) alone, after verbs of seeing, inquiring, etc. 2 Kong 1,2; Jer 5,1; Jer 30,6; Mal 3,10; Sl 139,24; Hoj 7,13; Klg 1,12; Ezr 2,59 once מִי יוֺדֵעַ אִם who knoweth if ...? i.e. (like haud scio an) perhaps Est 4,14 (older synonym מִי יוֺדֵעַ alone: see 2 Sam 12,22; Joel 2,14; Jon 3,9).
\ \ \ (b) disjunctively הֲ ֗֗֗ אִם 1 Mos 27,21; 4 Mos 13,18–20 so אִם ֗֗֗ וְאִם Jos 24,15.
\ \ c. compounded with הֲ, הַאִם 4 Mos 17,28 הַאִם תַּמְנוּ לִגְוֺעַ probably an emphatic Num? Shall we ever have finished dying? Job 6,13 difficult: perhaps Is it that my help is not in me? (a forcible means of expressing that that which might be thought impossible is nevertheless the case); Hi as an aposiop., If my help is not in me (am I still to wait) ? (The view that הַאִם = הֲלֹא nonne? is inconsistent with the fact that אִם in a question has regularly the force of Num?)
אֵם see אמם. Below
אַמָּה, אֻמָּה see אמם.
Flere artikler i BDB med samme Strong-nummer
הֵן BDB2204
II. הֵן100 (הֶןֿ 4 Mos 23,9; 4 Mos 23,24; Job 8,19; Job 8,20; Job 13,1; Job 26,14; Job 33,6; Job 33,12; Job 33,29; Job 36,5; Job 36,22; Job 36,26 הֵןֿ Job 13,15; Job 36,30; Job 41,1 +) demonstrative adverb or interjection lo! behold (on etymology see הִנֵּה), less widely used than הִנֵּה, and in prose mostly confined to calling attention to some fact upon which action is to be taken, or a conclusion based;
\ \ a. 1 Mos 3,22 הֵן הָאָדָם הָיָה behold the man is become as one of us, & now lest, etc., 1 Mos 4,14 behold, thou hast driven me forth etc., 1 Mos 11,6; 1 Mos 15,3; 1 Mos 19,34; 1 Mos 27,11; 1 Mos 29,7; 1 Mos 30,34 (nearly = yea), 2 Mos 5,5; 2 Mos 6,12; 2 Mos 6,30; 3 Mos 10,18; 3 Mos 10,19; 4 Mos 17,27; 5 Mos 5,21 (in prose only in Pentateuch (23 t.) and Ezk 18,4 in this usage); in poetry, used more freely, but chiefly in Isa2 & Job, — 4 Mos 23,9; 4 Mos 23,24 (Balaam) Es 23,13; Es 32,1; Es 33,7; Sl 51,7; Sl 51,8; Sl 68,34; Sl 78,20; Sl 139,4; Ord 11,31 (stating the premiss to a conclusion introduced by אַף כִּי, q. v.), Ord 24,12: elsewhere (except in senses b, c) only in Isa2 (23 t.) & Job (31 t), as Es 40,15 (twice in verse); Es 41,11; Es 41,24; Es 41,29; Es 50,1; Es 50,2; Es 50,9 (twice in verse); Es 50,11; Job 4,18; Job 15,15; Job 25,5 (in these three passages before אַף or אַף כִּי), Job 9,1; Job 9,12 etc. (see above).
\ \ b. as a hypothetical particle, propounding a possibility, if (so Late Hebrew, Biblical Aramaic, Mandean, Palmyrene (ZMG 1888, 404); on the contrary Syriac , Palestinian ᵑ7 אִין, also Palmyrene (ib. p. 415), Arabic with א), a special application or development of the use a: 2 Mos 4,1 והן לא יאמינו לי and behold ( = and suppose) they will not believe me ? etc., 3 Mos 25,20 and if (וְכִי) ye say, What shall we eat the 7th year ? הֵן לֹא נִזְרַע behold, we shall not sow etc. (i.e. supposing we do not sow), Es 54,15; Job 40,23; 2 Kron 7,13 (twice in verse) (2 Kron 7,13 b וְאִם); stating the ground on which a question is based, 2 Mos 8,22 (וְלֹא = הֲלֹא), Jer 3,1; Hag 2,12 (see הֵן Aramaic b).
\ \ c. if, whether, in an indirect question, Jer 2,10 רְאוּ הֵן הָֽיְתָה כָּזֹאת (but Gr הֲנִהְיְתָה); compare אִם 2 b, and הֵן Aramaic
3.
כִּי BDB3995
כִּי conjunction that, for, when (Moabite id,: Phoenician כ. Probably from the same demonstrative basis found in here, and in certain pronouns, as Aramaic דֵּךְ this (WSG 110 f.); perhaps also ultimately akin with that, in order that, and then, enclitic, like Latin nam in quisnam?) —
1. that (ὅτι, German dass):
\ \ a. prefixed to sentences depending on an active verb, and occupying to it the place of an accusative: so constantly, after verbs of seeing, as 1 Mos 1,10 וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי טוֺב and God saw that it was good, 1 Mos 3,6; 1 Mos 6,2; 1 Mos 6,5; 1 Mos 12,14 + often, hearing 1 Mos 14,14; 1 Mos 29,33, knowing 1 Mos 22,12; 1 Mos 24,14, telling 1 Mos 3,11; 1 Mos 12,18, repenting 1 Mos 6,6; 1 Mos 6,7, swearing 1 Mos 22,16; Jer 22,5, believing 2 Mos 4,5; Klg 4,12, remembering Sl 78,35, forgetting Job 39,15 אָמַר = command (late; in early Hebrew the words said are quoted) Job 36,10; Job 36,24 (זְכֹר in a command) Job 37,20 b 1 Kron 21,18 (contrast 2 Sam 24,18) etc.; טוֺב כּי it is good that ... 2 Sam 18,2 + (usually the infinitive with, as 1 Mos 2,18 see ibid.); 1 Mos 37,26 מַהבֶּֿצַע כִּי נַהֲרֹג what profit that we should slay (imperfect)...? Mal 3,14 what proft כִּי שָׁמַרְנוּ that we have kept (perfect)...? Job 22,3 הַחֵפֶץ לְשַׁדַּי כִּי is it pleasure to Shaddai that...? after a pronoun, as Sl 41,12 by this I know that thou hast pleasure in me, that my enemy cannot triumph over me, Sl 42,5 these things will I remember...that (or how) I used to go, etc., Sl 56,10 this I know that God is for me Job 13,16 (הוא). And with כִּי repeated pleonastic after an intervening clause 2 Sam 19,7; Jer 26,15 +; כִּי ֗֗֗ וְכִי 1 Mos 3,6; 1 Mos 29,12; 2 Mos 4,31; Jos 2,9; Jos 8,21; Jos 10,1; 1 Sam 31,7; 2 Sam 5,12; 1 Kong 11,21; Jer 40,7; Jer 40,11 לֵאמֹר ֗֗֗ וְכִי 1 Mos 45,26; Dom 10,10.
\ \ b. כִּי often introduces the direct narration (like , , and the Greek ὅτι recitativum, e.g. Luk 4,21), in which case it cannot be represented in English (except by inverted commas), 1 Mos 21,30; 1 Mos 29,33 and she said, ׳כִּי שׁמע י Yahweh hath heard, etc.; 2 Mos 3,12 = Dom 6,16 and he said, כִּי אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I will be with thee, Jos 2,24; 1 Sam 2,16 (see Dr) 1 Sam 10,19 and ye have said to him, כִּי מֶלָךְ תָּשִׂים עָלֵינוּ Thou shalt set a king over us, 2 Sam 11,23; 1 Kong 1,13; 1 Kong 20,5; Rut 1,10, compare Rut 2,21 (but in reply to a question כִּי may = because, see below 3; and so also in sentences giving the explanation of a proper name, 1 Mos 26,22; 1 Mos 29,32 (but De surely: see below), 2 Mos 2,10 (compare 1 Mos 4,25; 1 Mos 41,51; 1 Mos 41,52); in כִּי מָה, introducing an expostulation, 1 Sam 29,8; 1 Kong 11,22; 2 Kong 8,13, it gives the reason for a suppressed 'Why do you say this?').
\ \ c. especially after an oath חַי אָ֫נִי, ׳חַי י etc., introducing the fact sworn to, 1 Mos 42,16 by the life of Pharaoh, כִּי מְרַגְּלִים אַתֶּם (I say) that ye are spies; but though Hebrew usage probably gave it an asseverative force, English idiom does not require it to be expressed: 4 Mos 14,22; 1 Sam 20,3 as ׳י liveth, כִּי כְפֶשַׂע בֵּינִי וּבֵין הַמָּוֶת there is but a step between me and death! 1 Sam 26,16; 1 Sam 29,6; Es 49,18 +; 1 Sam 14,44 כֹּהיַֿעֲשֶׂה אֱלֹהִים וְכֹה יוֺסִיף כִּי מוֺת תָּמוּת thus may God do and more also: thou shalt surely die! 2 Sam 3,35; 1 Kong 2,23; Rut 1,17 and elsewhere — Note that כִּי when thus used is often repeated after an intervening clause, in order that its force may be fully preserved: 1 Mos 1,39 כִּי מוֺת יָמוּת (אִםיֶֿשְׁנוֺ בְּיוֺנָתָן בְּנִי) כִּי ׳חַי י 1 Sam 25,34; 2 Sam 2,27 ׳כִּי אָז וג (לוּלֵא דִּבַּרְתָּ) כִּי, 2 Sam 3,9; 2 Sam 15,21 Qr 1 Kong 1,30; Jer 22,24.
\ \ d. כִּי is used sometimes with advs. and interjs. to add force or distinctness to the affirmation which follows:
\ \ \ (a) so especially in אַף כִּי (see אַף); הֲכִי is it that . . .? (as a neutral interrogative) 2 Sam 9,1, (expecting a negative answer) 1 Mos 29,15 is it that thou art my brother, and shalt (therefore) serve me for nothing? Job 6,22 is it that I have said, Give unto me? expressing surprise 1 Mos 27,36 is it that he is called Jacob, and has (hence) supplanted me twice? 2 Sam 23,19 an affirm. answer is required (which would imply הֲלֹא כִי): read probably with the || 1 Kron 11,25 הִנּוֺ be-hold, he, etc.; אִםלֹֿא כִּי 5 Mos 32,30 were it not that .. .; אָמְנָם כִּי Job 12,2 of a truth (is it) that ye are the people, etc.; אַךְ כִּי 1 Sam 8,9 אֶפֶם כִּי 4 Mos 13,28 +; גַּם כִּי Rut 2,21 הֲלֹא כִי 1 Sam 10,1 (but see ᵐ5 Dr), 2 Sam 13,28 הִנֵּה כִי Sl 128,4 compare Sl 118,10 כִּי אֲמִיַלם ׳בְּשֵׁם י in the name of ׳י (is it) that — or (I say) that — I will mow them down; Job 39,27 doth the vulture mount up at thy command, וְכִי יָרִים קִנּוֺ and (is it) that it (so) makes high its nest? Es 36,19 have the gods of the nations delivered each his land etc.? . . . וְכִי הִצִּילוּ i.e. (Hi) and (is it) that they have delivered Samaria out of my hand? > (Ew§ 354 c De Di) and that they have delivered Samaria out of my hand! = how much less (אַף כִּי) have they, etc.! (|| 2 Kong 18,34 כִּי alone, perhaps conformed by error to v2 Kong 18,35; 2 Kron 32,15 אַף כִּי, which however does not decide the sense of the original וְכִי). 1 Kron 29,14 וְכִי מִי read ומי or כי מי
\ \ \ (b) in introducing the apodosis, especially in כִּי עַתָּה (chiefly after לוּלֵא) indeed then . . ., 1 Mos 31,42; 1 Mos 43,10 for unless we had tarried כִּי עַתָּה שַׁבְנוּ surely then we had returned twice, 4 Mos 22,33 (read לוּלֵי for אוּלַי); so 1 Sam 14,30 ᵐ5 (after לוּא), and 1 Sam 13,13 Hi We (לֻא for לֹא); after אִם Job 8,6 surely then he will awake over thee, etc. (But elsewhere כִּי עַתָּה is simply for now, 1 Mos 29,32; Job 7,21 +; or for then = for in that case, 2 Mos 9,15; 4 Mos 22,29; Job 3,13; Job 6,3 +). It is dubious whether כִּי אָז has the same sense: for 2 Sam 2,27; 2 Sam 19,7 the כִּי in כִּי אָז may be merely resumptive of the כִּי recitation preceding (see a, c). Rare otherwise: 2 Mos 22,22 if thou afflict him כִּי אִםצָֿעֹק יִצְעַק 'tis that (= indeed), if he cries unto me, I will hear him, Es 7,9 if ye believe not כִּי לֹא תֵאֵָמנוּ ׃ indeed ye will not be established.
\ \ e. there seem also to be other cases in which כִּי, standing alone, has an intensive force, introducing a statement with emphasis, yea, surely, certainly (German ja — a lighter particle than these English words): see in AV RV 2 Mos 18,11; 4 Mos 23,23; 1 Sam 17,25; 1 Sam 20,26; 2 Kong 23,22; Es 32,13; Es 60,9; Jer 22,22; Jer 31,19; Hos 6,9; Hos 8,6; Hos 9,12; Hos 10,3; Amos 3,7; Sl 76,11; Sl 77,12 (Ew Che), Ord 30,2 (but not if construed as RVm), Praed 4,16; Praed 7,7; Praed 7,20; Job 28,1 +; Klg 3,22 (ᵑ6 ᵑ7 Ew Th Öttli) the mercies of ׳י, surely they are not consumed (read probably תַמּוּ or תָֽמְמוּ for תמנו), Rut 3,12 כִּי אָמְנָם yea, indeed. But it is doubtful whether כִּי has this force in all the passages for which scholars have had recourse to it, and whether in some it is not simply = for. DeOrd 30,1 would restrict the usage to cases in which a suppressed clause may be understood. feminine that, expressing consecution, especially after a question implying surprise or deprecation: followed by perf., 1 Mos 20,9 what have I sinned against thee כִּי הֵבֵאתָ עָלַי that thou hast brought upon me? 1 Sam 22,8; Es 22,1 what aileth thee, that thou art gone up, etc.? vEs 22,16; Es 36,5; Es 52,5; Mik 4,9; Hab 2,18 followed by participle Dom 14,3; 1 Sam 20,1; 1 Kong 18,9 how have I sinned that thou art giving, etc.? 2 Kong 5,7; Ezk 24,19 usually followed by imperfect 2 Mos 3,11 who am I כִּי אֵלֵךְ that I should go, etc.? 2 Mos 16,7; Dom 8,6; Dom 9,28; 2 Kong 8,13; Es 7,13; Es 29,16 (also perfect), Sl 8,5 what is man כִּי תִזְכְּרֶנּוּ? Job 3,12 or why the breasts כִּי אִינָָֽק ׃ that I should suck? Job 6,11 מַהכֹּֿחִי כִּי אִַיַחֵל, Job 7,12; Job 7,17; Job 10,5f.; Job 13,25f.; Job 15,12f; Job 15,14; Job 16,3; Job 21,15 +; after a negative, 1 Mos 40,15 here also I have done nothing כִּי שָׂמוּ that they should have placed me in the dungeon, Sl 44,19f. our heart has not turned backward, etc. כִּי דִכִּיתָנוּ that thou shouldst have crushed us, etc., Es 43,22 not me hast thou called on, כִּי יָגַעְתָּ בִּי that thou shouldst have wearied thyself with me, Hos 1,6 (see RV), Job 41,2; Rut 1,12 I am too old to have an husband כִּי אָמַרְתִּי that I should have said, etc. (compare Ew§ 337 a; Dr§ 39 δ).
\ \ g. added to preps. כִּי converts them, like אֲשֶׁר, into conjs. ..., as יַעַן כִּי because that...: see below יַעַן, עַד, עַל, עֵקֶב, תַּחַת.
\ \ a. prefixed to sentences depending on an active verb, and occupying to it the place of an accusative: so constantly, after verbs of seeing, as 1 Mos 1,10 וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי טוֺב and God saw that it was good, 1 Mos 3,6; 1 Mos 6,2; 1 Mos 6,5; 1 Mos 12,14 + often, hearing 1 Mos 14,14; 1 Mos 29,33, knowing 1 Mos 22,12; 1 Mos 24,14, telling 1 Mos 3,11; 1 Mos 12,18, repenting 1 Mos 6,6; 1 Mos 6,7, swearing 1 Mos 22,16; Jer 22,5, believing 2 Mos 4,5; Klg 4,12, remembering Sl 78,35, forgetting Job 39,15 אָמַר = command (late; in early Hebrew the words said are quoted) Job 36,10; Job 36,24 (זְכֹר in a command) Job 37,20 b 1 Kron 21,18 (contrast 2 Sam 24,18) etc.; טוֺב כּי it is good that ... 2 Sam 18,2 + (usually the infinitive with, as 1 Mos 2,18 see ibid.); 1 Mos 37,26 מַהבֶּֿצַע כִּי נַהֲרֹג what profit that we should slay (imperfect)...? Mal 3,14 what proft כִּי שָׁמַרְנוּ that we have kept (perfect)...? Job 22,3 הַחֵפֶץ לְשַׁדַּי כִּי is it pleasure to Shaddai that...? after a pronoun, as Sl 41,12 by this I know that thou hast pleasure in me, that my enemy cannot triumph over me, Sl 42,5 these things will I remember...that (or how) I used to go, etc., Sl 56,10 this I know that God is for me Job 13,16 (הוא). And with כִּי repeated pleonastic after an intervening clause 2 Sam 19,7; Jer 26,15 +; כִּי ֗֗֗ וְכִי 1 Mos 3,6; 1 Mos 29,12; 2 Mos 4,31; Jos 2,9; Jos 8,21; Jos 10,1; 1 Sam 31,7; 2 Sam 5,12; 1 Kong 11,21; Jer 40,7; Jer 40,11 לֵאמֹר ֗֗֗ וְכִי 1 Mos 45,26; Dom 10,10.
\ \ b. כִּי often introduces the direct narration (like , , and the Greek ὅτι recitativum, e.g. Luk 4,21), in which case it cannot be represented in English (except by inverted commas), 1 Mos 21,30; 1 Mos 29,33 and she said, ׳כִּי שׁמע י Yahweh hath heard, etc.; 2 Mos 3,12 = Dom 6,16 and he said, כִּי אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I will be with thee, Jos 2,24; 1 Sam 2,16 (see Dr) 1 Sam 10,19 and ye have said to him, כִּי מֶלָךְ תָּשִׂים עָלֵינוּ Thou shalt set a king over us, 2 Sam 11,23; 1 Kong 1,13; 1 Kong 20,5; Rut 1,10, compare Rut 2,21 (but in reply to a question כִּי may = because, see below 3; and so also in sentences giving the explanation of a proper name, 1 Mos 26,22; 1 Mos 29,32 (but De surely: see below), 2 Mos 2,10 (compare 1 Mos 4,25; 1 Mos 41,51; 1 Mos 41,52); in כִּי מָה, introducing an expostulation, 1 Sam 29,8; 1 Kong 11,22; 2 Kong 8,13, it gives the reason for a suppressed 'Why do you say this?').
\ \ c. especially after an oath חַי אָ֫נִי, ׳חַי י etc., introducing the fact sworn to, 1 Mos 42,16 by the life of Pharaoh, כִּי מְרַגְּלִים אַתֶּם (I say) that ye are spies; but though Hebrew usage probably gave it an asseverative force, English idiom does not require it to be expressed: 4 Mos 14,22; 1 Sam 20,3 as ׳י liveth, כִּי כְפֶשַׂע בֵּינִי וּבֵין הַמָּוֶת there is but a step between me and death! 1 Sam 26,16; 1 Sam 29,6; Es 49,18 +; 1 Sam 14,44 כֹּהיַֿעֲשֶׂה אֱלֹהִים וְכֹה יוֺסִיף כִּי מוֺת תָּמוּת thus may God do and more also: thou shalt surely die! 2 Sam 3,35; 1 Kong 2,23; Rut 1,17 and elsewhere — Note that כִּי when thus used is often repeated after an intervening clause, in order that its force may be fully preserved: 1 Mos 1,39 כִּי מוֺת יָמוּת (אִםיֶֿשְׁנוֺ בְּיוֺנָתָן בְּנִי) כִּי ׳חַי י 1 Sam 25,34; 2 Sam 2,27 ׳כִּי אָז וג (לוּלֵא דִּבַּרְתָּ) כִּי, 2 Sam 3,9; 2 Sam 15,21 Qr 1 Kong 1,30; Jer 22,24.
\ \ d. כִּי is used sometimes with advs. and interjs. to add force or distinctness to the affirmation which follows:
\ \ \ (a) so especially in אַף כִּי (see אַף); הֲכִי is it that . . .? (as a neutral interrogative) 2 Sam 9,1, (expecting a negative answer) 1 Mos 29,15 is it that thou art my brother, and shalt (therefore) serve me for nothing? Job 6,22 is it that I have said, Give unto me? expressing surprise 1 Mos 27,36 is it that he is called Jacob, and has (hence) supplanted me twice? 2 Sam 23,19 an affirm. answer is required (which would imply הֲלֹא כִי): read probably with the || 1 Kron 11,25 הִנּוֺ be-hold, he, etc.; אִםלֹֿא כִּי 5 Mos 32,30 were it not that .. .; אָמְנָם כִּי Job 12,2 of a truth (is it) that ye are the people, etc.; אַךְ כִּי 1 Sam 8,9 אֶפֶם כִּי 4 Mos 13,28 +; גַּם כִּי Rut 2,21 הֲלֹא כִי 1 Sam 10,1 (but see ᵐ5 Dr), 2 Sam 13,28 הִנֵּה כִי Sl 128,4 compare Sl 118,10 כִּי אֲמִיַלם ׳בְּשֵׁם י in the name of ׳י (is it) that — or (I say) that — I will mow them down; Job 39,27 doth the vulture mount up at thy command, וְכִי יָרִים קִנּוֺ and (is it) that it (so) makes high its nest? Es 36,19 have the gods of the nations delivered each his land etc.? . . . וְכִי הִצִּילוּ i.e. (Hi) and (is it) that they have delivered Samaria out of my hand? > (Ew§ 354 c De Di) and that they have delivered Samaria out of my hand! = how much less (אַף כִּי) have they, etc.! (|| 2 Kong 18,34 כִּי alone, perhaps conformed by error to v2 Kong 18,35; 2 Kron 32,15 אַף כִּי, which however does not decide the sense of the original וְכִי). 1 Kron 29,14 וְכִי מִי read ומי or כי מי
\ \ \ (b) in introducing the apodosis, especially in כִּי עַתָּה (chiefly after לוּלֵא) indeed then . . ., 1 Mos 31,42; 1 Mos 43,10 for unless we had tarried כִּי עַתָּה שַׁבְנוּ surely then we had returned twice, 4 Mos 22,33 (read לוּלֵי for אוּלַי); so 1 Sam 14,30 ᵐ5 (after לוּא), and 1 Sam 13,13 Hi We (לֻא for לֹא); after אִם Job 8,6 surely then he will awake over thee, etc. (But elsewhere כִּי עַתָּה is simply for now, 1 Mos 29,32; Job 7,21 +; or for then = for in that case, 2 Mos 9,15; 4 Mos 22,29; Job 3,13; Job 6,3 +). It is dubious whether כִּי אָז has the same sense: for 2 Sam 2,27; 2 Sam 19,7 the כִּי in כִּי אָז may be merely resumptive of the כִּי recitation preceding (see a, c). Rare otherwise: 2 Mos 22,22 if thou afflict him כִּי אִםצָֿעֹק יִצְעַק 'tis that (= indeed), if he cries unto me, I will hear him, Es 7,9 if ye believe not כִּי לֹא תֵאֵָמנוּ ׃ indeed ye will not be established.
\ \ e. there seem also to be other cases in which כִּי, standing alone, has an intensive force, introducing a statement with emphasis, yea, surely, certainly (German ja — a lighter particle than these English words): see in AV RV 2 Mos 18,11; 4 Mos 23,23; 1 Sam 17,25; 1 Sam 20,26; 2 Kong 23,22; Es 32,13; Es 60,9; Jer 22,22; Jer 31,19; Hos 6,9; Hos 8,6; Hos 9,12; Hos 10,3; Amos 3,7; Sl 76,11; Sl 77,12 (Ew Che), Ord 30,2 (but not if construed as RVm), Praed 4,16; Praed 7,7; Praed 7,20; Job 28,1 +; Klg 3,22 (ᵑ6 ᵑ7 Ew Th Öttli) the mercies of ׳י, surely they are not consumed (read probably תַמּוּ or תָֽמְמוּ for תמנו), Rut 3,12 כִּי אָמְנָם yea, indeed. But it is doubtful whether כִּי has this force in all the passages for which scholars have had recourse to it, and whether in some it is not simply = for. DeOrd 30,1 would restrict the usage to cases in which a suppressed clause may be understood. feminine that, expressing consecution, especially after a question implying surprise or deprecation: followed by perf., 1 Mos 20,9 what have I sinned against thee כִּי הֵבֵאתָ עָלַי that thou hast brought upon me? 1 Sam 22,8; Es 22,1 what aileth thee, that thou art gone up, etc.? vEs 22,16; Es 36,5; Es 52,5; Mik 4,9; Hab 2,18 followed by participle Dom 14,3; 1 Sam 20,1; 1 Kong 18,9 how have I sinned that thou art giving, etc.? 2 Kong 5,7; Ezk 24,19 usually followed by imperfect 2 Mos 3,11 who am I כִּי אֵלֵךְ that I should go, etc.? 2 Mos 16,7; Dom 8,6; Dom 9,28; 2 Kong 8,13; Es 7,13; Es 29,16 (also perfect), Sl 8,5 what is man כִּי תִזְכְּרֶנּוּ? Job 3,12 or why the breasts כִּי אִינָָֽק ׃ that I should suck? Job 6,11 מַהכֹּֿחִי כִּי אִַיַחֵל, Job 7,12; Job 7,17; Job 10,5f.; Job 13,25f.; Job 15,12f; Job 15,14; Job 16,3; Job 21,15 +; after a negative, 1 Mos 40,15 here also I have done nothing כִּי שָׂמוּ that they should have placed me in the dungeon, Sl 44,19f. our heart has not turned backward, etc. כִּי דִכִּיתָנוּ that thou shouldst have crushed us, etc., Es 43,22 not me hast thou called on, כִּי יָגַעְתָּ בִּי that thou shouldst have wearied thyself with me, Hos 1,6 (see RV), Job 41,2; Rut 1,12 I am too old to have an husband כִּי אָמַרְתִּי that I should have said, etc. (compare Ew§ 337 a; Dr§ 39 δ).
\ \ g. added to preps. כִּי converts them, like אֲשֶׁר, into conjs. ..., as יַעַן כִּי because that...: see below יַעַן, עַד, עַל, עֵקֶב, תַּחַת.
2. a. Of time, when, of the past וַיְהִי כִּי 1 Mos 6,1 (compare BuUrg. 6), 1 Mos 26,8; 1 Mos 27,1; 2 Sam 6,13; 2 Sam 7,1; 2 Sam 19,26 + (כַּאֲשֶׁר and especially כְּ with infinitive, are more frequently); וְהָיָה כִּי (simple וְ) 1 Sam 1,12; 1 Sam 17,48; Jos 22,7; Dom 2,18; Dom 12,5 והיה כי יאמרו and it would be, whenever (frequently) they said, Jer 44,19 (participle), Hos 11,1; Sl 32,3 כי החרשׁתי when I was silent, Job 31,21; Job 31,26; Job 31,29 of present (usually with imperfect) as 2 Mos 18,16 כִּי יִהְיֶה לָהֶם דָּבָר when they have a matter, 1 Sam 24,20; Es 1,12; Es 30,21; Jer 14,12; Zak 7,5; Zak 7,6; Mal 1,8; Sl 49,19 and men praise thee כִּי תֵיטִיב לָ֑ךְ when thou doest well to thyself, Sl 102,1; Sl 127,5 +, with perfect Ezk 3,19–21; Ezk 33,9; Ord 11,15; Ord 23,22 especially of future, as 1 Mos 4,12 כִּי תַעֲבֹד אֶתהָֿאֲדָמָה when thou shalt till the ground it shall not, etc., 1 Mos 24,41; 1 Mos 30,33; 1 Mos 31,49; 1 Mos 32,18; 2 Mos 7,9 when Pharaoh shall speak unto you, 5 Mos 4,25; 5 Mos 6,20 +; in phrase (׳תאֹמַר וג) וְכִי תאֹמְרוּ 3 Mos 25,20; 5 Mos 18,21; Es 8,19; Es 36,7; Jer 13,22 and especially in ... וְהָיָה כִּי 1 Mos 12,12; 1 Mos 46,33; 5 Mos 6,10; 5 Mos 15,16; 1 Sam 10,7; 1 Sam 25,30; Es 8,21; Es 10,12 + often; with perfect Es 16,12; 1 Kron 17,11 (altered from imperfect 2 Sam 7,12); with participle (unusual) 4 Mos 33,51; 4 Mos 34,2; 5 Mos 11,31; 5 Mos 18,9.
\ \ b. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usually represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם: — (mostly with imperfect) 1 Mos 38,16; 4 Mos 5,20; 4 Mos 10,32; 5 Mos 6,25; 5 Mos 7,17; 5 Mos 28,2; 5 Mos 28,13; 1 Sam 20,13; 2 Sam 19,8; 2 Kong 4,29; 2 Kong 18,22; Jer 38,15; Ord 4,8; Job 7,13 (כי אמרתי when I say), Job 19,28 often in laws, as 2 Mos 21,14; 2 Mos 21,33; 2 Mos 21,35; 2 Mos 21,37; 2 Mos 22,4; 2 Mos 22,5 etc., 5 Mos 13,13; 5 Mos 14,24; 5 Mos 15,7; 5 Mos 15,12; 5 Mos 17,2; 5 Mos 18,6; 5 Mos 18,21 etc.; sometimes, in particular, to state a principle broadly, after which special cases are introduced by אִם, as 2 Mos 21,2 when (כִּי) thou buyest a Hebrew servant, he shall serve thee six years, after which v2 Mos 21,3–5 follow four special cases with אִם if: so 2 Mos 21,7 (כי), v2 Mos 21,8–11 (אם); v2 Mos 21,18 (כי), v2 Mos 21,19 (אם); v2 Mos 21,20 (כי), v2 Mos 21,21 (אם); v2 Mos 21,22 f; v2 Mos 21,28–32; 3 Mos 1,2 (כי), v3 Mos 1,3 v3 Mos 1,10 (אם) 3 Mos 4,2; 3 Mos 4,3; 3 Mos 4,13; 3 Mos 4,27; 3 Mos 4,32; 3 Mos 13,2ff. 4 Mos 30,3ff. +; though this distinction is not uniformly observed, contrast e.g. 2 Mos 21,5 with 5 Mos 15,16; 4 Mos 5,19 and v4 Mos 5,20. —
\ \ b. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usually represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם: — (mostly with imperfect) 1 Mos 38,16; 4 Mos 5,20; 4 Mos 10,32; 5 Mos 6,25; 5 Mos 7,17; 5 Mos 28,2; 5 Mos 28,13; 1 Sam 20,13; 2 Sam 19,8; 2 Kong 4,29; 2 Kong 18,22; Jer 38,15; Ord 4,8; Job 7,13 (כי אמרתי when I say), Job 19,28 often in laws, as 2 Mos 21,14; 2 Mos 21,33; 2 Mos 21,35; 2 Mos 21,37; 2 Mos 22,4; 2 Mos 22,5 etc., 5 Mos 13,13; 5 Mos 14,24; 5 Mos 15,7; 5 Mos 15,12; 5 Mos 17,2; 5 Mos 18,6; 5 Mos 18,21 etc.; sometimes, in particular, to state a principle broadly, after which special cases are introduced by אִם, as 2 Mos 21,2 when (כִּי) thou buyest a Hebrew servant, he shall serve thee six years, after which v2 Mos 21,3–5 follow four special cases with אִם if: so 2 Mos 21,7 (כי), v2 Mos 21,8–11 (אם); v2 Mos 21,18 (כי), v2 Mos 21,19 (אם); v2 Mos 21,20 (כי), v2 Mos 21,21 (אם); v2 Mos 21,22 f; v2 Mos 21,28–32; 3 Mos 1,2 (כי), v3 Mos 1,3 v3 Mos 1,10 (אם) 3 Mos 4,2; 3 Mos 4,3; 3 Mos 4,13; 3 Mos 4,27; 3 Mos 4,32; 3 Mos 13,2ff. 4 Mos 30,3ff. +; though this distinction is not uniformly observed, contrast e.g. 2 Mos 21,5 with 5 Mos 15,16; 4 Mos 5,19 and v4 Mos 5,20. —
N.B. with כִּי = when or if, the subject is often prefixed for distinctness and emphasis: 1 Kong 8,37 רָעָב ׳כִּייִֿהְיֶה בָאָרֶץ דֶּבֶר כִּי יִהְיֶה וג, Es 28,18; Mik 5,4 אַשּׁוּר כִּייָֿבאֹ בְאַרְצֵנוּ, Sl 62,11; Ezk 3,19 (וְאַתָּה), Ezk 14,9; Ezk 14,13; Ezk 18,5; Ezk 18,18; Ezk 18,21; Ezk 33,6 (compare vEzk 33,2); and especially in laws of P, as כִּי ֗֗֗ אָדָם 3 Mos 1,2; 3 Mos 13,2, ... נֶפֶשׁ כִּי 3 Mos 2,1; 3 Mos 4,2; 3 Mos 5,1; 3 Mos 5,4; 3 Mos 5,15, similarly 3 Mos 15,2; 3 Mos 15,16; 3 Mos 15,19; 3 Mos 15,25; 3 Mos 22,12; 3 Mos 22,13; 3 Mos 22,14 etc., rather differently 4 Mos 5,20.
\ \ c. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though: —
\ \ \ (a) with imperfect Jer 4,30 (3 t. in verse); Jer 14,12; Jer 49,16 כִּיתַֿגְבִּיהַּ כַּנֶּשֶׁר קִנֶּ֑ךָ though thou make high like the vulture thy nest, I will bring thee down thence, Jer 51,53; Hos 13,15; Zak 8,6; Sl 37,24; Sl 49,19f. though in his lifetime he bless himself ... he shall come, etc., perhaps also Jer 46,23 Ew (but Hi Gf Ke for), Jer 50,11 Ew Ke (Hi yea); and strengthened by גַּם, גַּם כִּי Es 1,5; Sl 23,4 (compare Dr§ 143);
\ \ \ (b) with perf. (rare) Mik 7,8 כִּי נָפַלְתִּי קָ֑מְתִּי though I have fallen, I rise, Nah 1,10 (si vera 1.), Sl 21,12 (Hi Ew Now), Sl 119,88 (Ew De).
\ \ c. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though: —
\ \ \ (a) with imperfect Jer 4,30 (3 t. in verse); Jer 14,12; Jer 49,16 כִּיתַֿגְבִּיהַּ כַּנֶּשֶׁר קִנֶּ֑ךָ though thou make high like the vulture thy nest, I will bring thee down thence, Jer 51,53; Hos 13,15; Zak 8,6; Sl 37,24; Sl 49,19f. though in his lifetime he bless himself ... he shall come, etc., perhaps also Jer 46,23 Ew (but Hi Gf Ke for), Jer 50,11 Ew Ke (Hi yea); and strengthened by גַּם, גַּם כִּי Es 1,5; Sl 23,4 (compare Dr§ 143);
\ \ \ (b) with perf. (rare) Mik 7,8 כִּי נָפַלְתִּי קָ֑מְתִּי though I have fallen, I rise, Nah 1,10 (si vera 1.), Sl 21,12 (Hi Ew Now), Sl 119,88 (Ew De).
3. Because, since ὅτι —
\ \ a. 1 Mos 3,14 because thou hast done this, cursed art thou, etc., v1 Mos 3,17; 1 Mos 18,20; 1 Mos 17,20 the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah — because it is great ... (subject prefixed for emphasis: compare 2
\ \ a. 1 Mos 3,14 because thou hast done this, cursed art thou, etc., v1 Mos 3,17; 1 Mos 18,20; 1 Mos 17,20 the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah — because it is great ... (subject prefixed for emphasis: compare 2
N.B.) Es 28,15 in answer to a question, 1 Mos 27,20; 2 Mos 1,19; 2 Mos 18,15; 2 Sam 19,43 +. Enunciating the conditions under which a future action is conceived as possible (German indem) 3 Mos 22,9; 5 Mos 4,29 כי תדרשׁנו, 5 Mos 12,20 (see Dr), v5 Mos 12,25 v5 Mos 12,28; 5 Mos 13,19; 5 Mos 14,24; 5 Mos 16,15; 5 Mos 19,6; 5 Mos 19,9 +, 1 Kong 8,35 (compare v1 Kong 8,33 אֲשֶׁר), v1 Kong 8,36 כִּי תוֺרֵם, Ord 4,8b.
\ \ b. more commonly the causal sentence follows, as 1 Mos 2,3 and God blessed the seventh day ׳כִּי בוֺ שָׁבַת וג because on it he rested, etc., 1 Mos 4,25 etc., in which case it may often be rendered for, 1 Mos 2,5; 1 Mos 2,28; 1 Mos 3,20; 1 Mos 5,24; 1 Mos 6,7; 1 Mos 6,12; 1 Mos 6,13; Sl 6,3 heal me כִּי נִבְהֲלוּ עֲצָמָ֑י for my bones are vexed, Sl 10,14; Sl 25,16; Sl 27,10 + very often specifically after verbs expressive of mental emotions, as rejoicing Es 14,29; Sl 58,11, being angry 1 Mos 31,35; 1 Mos 45,5, fearing 1 Mos 43,18; Sl 49,17 etc. Iron. 1 Kong 18,27 for he is a god etc. (4 t.); Ord 30,4; Job 38,5 כִּי תֵדָ֑ע for or since thou knowest. With subject prefixed Sl 128,2. Repeated (with anacoluthon) Es 49,19.
\ \ c. the causal relation expressed by כִּי is sometimes subtle, especially in poetry, and not apparent without careful study of a passage. Thus sometimes it justifies a statement or description by pointing to a pregnant fact which involves it, as Es 3,8a Job 6,21 (ground of the comparison vJob 6,15–20), Job 14,16 (For...: ground of the wishes expressed vJob 14,13–15), Job 16,22 (ground of vJob 16,20f.) Job 30,26 (For ...), or by pointing to a general truth which it exemplifies Job 5,6 (reason why complaining vJob 5,2–5 is foolish), Job 15,34; Job 23,14 sometimes it is explicative, justifying a statement by unfolding the particulars which establish or exemplify it 2 Sam 5,7; 2 Sam 7,8; Es 9,4; Es 10,8–11; Es 13,10 (development of vEs 13,9a); Es 32,6 f. (developing the characters of the נָבָל and כִּילַי, and so explaining why they will no longer be esteemed vEs 32,5); Job 11,16ff. (explicit of vJob 11,15b), Job 18,8 ff. (justifying vJob 18,7), Job 22,26 ff. (justifying vJob 22,25); elsewhere the cause is expressed indirectly or figuratively Es 2,6 (reason why invitation vEs 2,5 is needed), Es 5,10 (sterility of the soil the cause of the desolation vEs 5,9), Es 18,5; Es 28,8 (proof of the intoxication vEs 28,7), Es 31,7 (reason for the exhortation vEs 31,6: the certainty that the folly of idolatry will soon be recognized), Job 7,21 (for soon it will be too late to pardon), Job 27,8–10 (Job wishes his enemy the lot of the wicked, because this is so hopeless); or כִּי relates not to the see which immediately precedes or follows, but to several, as Es 7,16f. (Es 7,17 specially the ground of the people being reduced to simple fare vEs 7,15), Es 21,6ff. (ground of the statements vEs 21,1–5), Job 4,5 (ground of vJob 4,2), Job 14,7–12 (Job 14,10–12 specially the ground for the appeal in vJob 14,6), Job 23,10–13 (ground why God cannot be found vJob 23,8f.), Sl 73,21 (ground not of vSl 73,20, but of the general train of thought vSl 73,2); similarly 1 Mos 4,24; 5 Mos 18,14; Jer 30,11 the reason lies not in the words immediately after כִּי, but in the second part of the sentence; or, on the other hand, it may state the reason for a particular word, Es 28,20 (justifying 'nought but terror' vEs 28,19), Job 23,17 (God's hostility vJob 23,16 the cause of his misery, not the calamity as such). Sometimes also כִּי, in a poetic orrhetorical style, gives the reason for a thought not expressed but implied, especially the answer to a question; Es 28,11 (the mockeries of vEs 28,10 have a meaning) 'for with men of strange lips, etc. he will speak unto this people,' who will retort the mockeries, charged with a new and terrible meaning, upon those who uttered them (Es 28,13); = (no,) for Es 28,28 (see RVm), Job 22,2b no, he that is wise is profitable to himself, Job 31,18; Job 39,14 (see vJob 39,13b), Sl 44,24 (he cannot do this, vSl 44,23) for for thy sake are we killed, etc., Sl 130,4 no, with thee is forgiveness; = (yes,) for Es 49,25 (see the question vEs 49,24), Es 66,8.
\ \ d. כִּי ֗֗֗ כִּי ἀσυνδέτως sometimes introduce the proximate and ultimate cause respectively, 1 Mos 3,19; 1 Mos 26,7; 1 Mos 43,32; 1 Mos 47,20; 2 Mos 23,33 for [else] thou wilt serve their gods, for it will be a snare to thee, Es 2,6 (twice in verse); Es 3,8 (twice in verse); Es 6,5a, b; Es 10,22f.; Job 6,3f.; Job 8,8; Job 8,9 (twice in verse); Job 24,17 (twice in verse); Job 29,11f.; sometimes they introduce two co-ordinate causes (where we should insert and), 2 Mos 23,21; 2 Mos 23,22; Es 6,5b,c I am undone, because I am of unclean lips..., because mine eyes have seen ׳י of hosts, Es 15,5 (twice in verse); Es 15,6 (twice in verse); Es 15,8; Es 15,9; Sef 3,8f.; Job 15,25; Job 15,27; Job 20,19f.; Job 31,11f. But כִּי ֗֗֗ וְכִי also occurs, 1 Mos 33,11; 4 Mos 5,20 (if), Jos 7,15; Dom 6,30; 1 Sam 19,4; 1 Sam 22,17; 1 Kong 2,26; Es 65,16 +.
\ \ e. after a negative כִּי for becomes = but (German sondern): 1 Mos 17,15 thou shalt not call her name Sarai, כִּי שָׂרָה שְׁמָהּ for (= but) Sarah shall be her name, 1 Mos 24,3f.; 1 Mos 45,8; 2 Mos 1,19; 2 Mos 16,8 not against us are your murmurings, ׳כי עליֿ for (they are) against ׳י = but against ׳י, 5 Mos 21,17; 1 Sam 6,3 (אַל), 1 Sam 27,1 (see Dr), 1 Kong 21,17; Es 10,7; Es 28,27; Es 29,23; Es 30,5; Sl 44,8; Sl 118,17 + often; so in לא כי nay, for = nay, but, as 1 Mos 18,15 לֹא כִּי צָחָֽקְתְּ nay, but thou didst laugh, 1 Mos 19,2; 1 Mos 42,12; Jos 5,14; 1 Sam 2,16 MSS ᵐ5 (see Dr), 1 Sam 12,12; 2 Sam 16,18; 2 Sam 24,24; 1 Kong 2,30; 1 Kong 3,22; 1 Kong 11,22; Es 30,16 nay, but we will flee upon horses.
\ \ b. more commonly the causal sentence follows, as 1 Mos 2,3 and God blessed the seventh day ׳כִּי בוֺ שָׁבַת וג because on it he rested, etc., 1 Mos 4,25 etc., in which case it may often be rendered for, 1 Mos 2,5; 1 Mos 2,28; 1 Mos 3,20; 1 Mos 5,24; 1 Mos 6,7; 1 Mos 6,12; 1 Mos 6,13; Sl 6,3 heal me כִּי נִבְהֲלוּ עֲצָמָ֑י for my bones are vexed, Sl 10,14; Sl 25,16; Sl 27,10 + very often specifically after verbs expressive of mental emotions, as rejoicing Es 14,29; Sl 58,11, being angry 1 Mos 31,35; 1 Mos 45,5, fearing 1 Mos 43,18; Sl 49,17 etc. Iron. 1 Kong 18,27 for he is a god etc. (4 t.); Ord 30,4; Job 38,5 כִּי תֵדָ֑ע for or since thou knowest. With subject prefixed Sl 128,2. Repeated (with anacoluthon) Es 49,19.
\ \ c. the causal relation expressed by כִּי is sometimes subtle, especially in poetry, and not apparent without careful study of a passage. Thus sometimes it justifies a statement or description by pointing to a pregnant fact which involves it, as Es 3,8a Job 6,21 (ground of the comparison vJob 6,15–20), Job 14,16 (For...: ground of the wishes expressed vJob 14,13–15), Job 16,22 (ground of vJob 16,20f.) Job 30,26 (For ...), or by pointing to a general truth which it exemplifies Job 5,6 (reason why complaining vJob 5,2–5 is foolish), Job 15,34; Job 23,14 sometimes it is explicative, justifying a statement by unfolding the particulars which establish or exemplify it 2 Sam 5,7; 2 Sam 7,8; Es 9,4; Es 10,8–11; Es 13,10 (development of vEs 13,9a); Es 32,6 f. (developing the characters of the נָבָל and כִּילַי, and so explaining why they will no longer be esteemed vEs 32,5); Job 11,16ff. (explicit of vJob 11,15b), Job 18,8 ff. (justifying vJob 18,7), Job 22,26 ff. (justifying vJob 22,25); elsewhere the cause is expressed indirectly or figuratively Es 2,6 (reason why invitation vEs 2,5 is needed), Es 5,10 (sterility of the soil the cause of the desolation vEs 5,9), Es 18,5; Es 28,8 (proof of the intoxication vEs 28,7), Es 31,7 (reason for the exhortation vEs 31,6: the certainty that the folly of idolatry will soon be recognized), Job 7,21 (for soon it will be too late to pardon), Job 27,8–10 (Job wishes his enemy the lot of the wicked, because this is so hopeless); or כִּי relates not to the see which immediately precedes or follows, but to several, as Es 7,16f. (Es 7,17 specially the ground of the people being reduced to simple fare vEs 7,15), Es 21,6ff. (ground of the statements vEs 21,1–5), Job 4,5 (ground of vJob 4,2), Job 14,7–12 (Job 14,10–12 specially the ground for the appeal in vJob 14,6), Job 23,10–13 (ground why God cannot be found vJob 23,8f.), Sl 73,21 (ground not of vSl 73,20, but of the general train of thought vSl 73,2); similarly 1 Mos 4,24; 5 Mos 18,14; Jer 30,11 the reason lies not in the words immediately after כִּי, but in the second part of the sentence; or, on the other hand, it may state the reason for a particular word, Es 28,20 (justifying 'nought but terror' vEs 28,19), Job 23,17 (God's hostility vJob 23,16 the cause of his misery, not the calamity as such). Sometimes also כִּי, in a poetic orrhetorical style, gives the reason for a thought not expressed but implied, especially the answer to a question; Es 28,11 (the mockeries of vEs 28,10 have a meaning) 'for with men of strange lips, etc. he will speak unto this people,' who will retort the mockeries, charged with a new and terrible meaning, upon those who uttered them (Es 28,13); = (no,) for Es 28,28 (see RVm), Job 22,2b no, he that is wise is profitable to himself, Job 31,18; Job 39,14 (see vJob 39,13b), Sl 44,24 (he cannot do this, vSl 44,23) for for thy sake are we killed, etc., Sl 130,4 no, with thee is forgiveness; = (yes,) for Es 49,25 (see the question vEs 49,24), Es 66,8.
\ \ d. כִּי ֗֗֗ כִּי ἀσυνδέτως sometimes introduce the proximate and ultimate cause respectively, 1 Mos 3,19; 1 Mos 26,7; 1 Mos 43,32; 1 Mos 47,20; 2 Mos 23,33 for [else] thou wilt serve their gods, for it will be a snare to thee, Es 2,6 (twice in verse); Es 3,8 (twice in verse); Es 6,5a, b; Es 10,22f.; Job 6,3f.; Job 8,8; Job 8,9 (twice in verse); Job 24,17 (twice in verse); Job 29,11f.; sometimes they introduce two co-ordinate causes (where we should insert and), 2 Mos 23,21; 2 Mos 23,22; Es 6,5b,c I am undone, because I am of unclean lips..., because mine eyes have seen ׳י of hosts, Es 15,5 (twice in verse); Es 15,6 (twice in verse); Es 15,8; Es 15,9; Sef 3,8f.; Job 15,25; Job 15,27; Job 20,19f.; Job 31,11f. But כִּי ֗֗֗ וְכִי also occurs, 1 Mos 33,11; 4 Mos 5,20 (if), Jos 7,15; Dom 6,30; 1 Sam 19,4; 1 Sam 22,17; 1 Kong 2,26; Es 65,16 +.
\ \ e. after a negative כִּי for becomes = but (German sondern): 1 Mos 17,15 thou shalt not call her name Sarai, כִּי שָׂרָה שְׁמָהּ for (= but) Sarah shall be her name, 1 Mos 24,3f.; 1 Mos 45,8; 2 Mos 1,19; 2 Mos 16,8 not against us are your murmurings, ׳כי עליֿ for (they are) against ׳י = but against ׳י, 5 Mos 21,17; 1 Sam 6,3 (אַל), 1 Sam 27,1 (see Dr), 1 Kong 21,17; Es 10,7; Es 28,27; Es 29,23; Es 30,5; Sl 44,8; Sl 118,17 + often; so in לא כי nay, for = nay, but, as 1 Mos 18,15 לֹא כִּי צָחָֽקְתְּ nay, but thou didst laugh, 1 Mos 19,2; 1 Mos 42,12; Jos 5,14; 1 Sam 2,16 MSS ᵐ5 (see Dr), 1 Sam 12,12; 2 Sam 16,18; 2 Sam 24,24; 1 Kong 2,30; 1 Kong 3,22; 1 Kong 11,22; Es 30,16 nay, but we will flee upon horses.
Note. — כִּי is sometimes of difficult and uncertain interpretation, and in some of the passages quoted a different explanation is tenable. Authorities especially read the Hebrew differently, when the choice is between for and yea. E.g. Es 8,23 Ges Ew§ 330 b doch (no, but); Hi Di for (taking vEs 8,22 as RVm); Ch surely: Es 15,1 Ges Ew Hi Di surely; De for: Es 39,8 Ges Hi De surely; Di for (explanation of טוֺב): Ezk 11,16 Hi Ke Co surely; Ew Sm because. — In 2 Mos 20,25 the tense of וַתְּחַלֲלֶהָ makes it probably that כֹּי is for (Dr§ 153). Job 22,29 is taken with least violence to usage (גַּאֲוָה) as Hi When they humble thee, and thou sayest (= complainest) Pride! he will save, etc. כִּי אִםֿ (the אִם always followed by makkeph, except 1 Mos 15,4; 4 Mos 35,33; Neh 2,2, where כִּיאִֿם is read by the Mass.: FrMM 241) —
1. each particle retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:
\ \ a. that if Jer 26,15 after an oath (כִּי not translated: see כִּי 1 c) if 1 Sam 14,39; Jer 22,24, surely not (אִם 1 b 2) 2 Sam 3,35; 1 Sam 25,34 (כִּי being resumptive of the כִּי before לוּלֵי: see כִּי 1 c); 2 Mos 22,22 (in apodosis) indeed if . . . (see כִּי 1 d).
\ \ b. for if 2 Mos 8,17; 2 Mos 9,2; 2 Mos 10,4; +, for though Es 10,22; Jer 37,20; Amos 5,22, but if Jer 7,5.
\ \ a. that if Jer 26,15 after an oath (כִּי not translated: see כִּי 1 c) if 1 Sam 14,39; Jer 22,24, surely not (אִם 1 b 2) 2 Sam 3,35; 1 Sam 25,34 (כִּי being resumptive of the כִּי before לוּלֵי: see כִּי 1 c); 2 Mos 22,22 (in apodosis) indeed if . . . (see כִּי 1 d).
\ \ b. for if 2 Mos 8,17; 2 Mos 9,2; 2 Mos 10,4; +, for though Es 10,22; Jer 37,20; Amos 5,22, but if Jer 7,5.
2. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause —
\ \ a. limiting the preceding clause, except (after a negative, or an oath, or question, the equivalent of a negative) — the most usual term for expressing this idea: followed by verb 1 Mos 32,27 I will not let thee go; כִּי אִםבֵּֿרַכְתָּֽנִי literally but (כִּי 3 e) if thou bless me (that is, I will let thee go), i.e., subordinating the second clause to the first, 'I will not let thee go, except thou bless me;' 3 Mos 22,6 he shall not eat of the holy things כִּי אִםרָֿחַץ except he have washed his flesh, Es 65,6; Amos 3,7; Rut 3,18; Klg 5,21f. (Ew Näg Ke Che Öttli), turn thou us unto thee, etc., unless thou have utterly rejected us, (and) art very wroth with us (= Or hast thou utterly rejected us? etc. Ew Öttli); followed by a noun, except, but, 1 Mos 28,17 this is nothing ׳כִּי אִםבֵּֿית הָאֱ but the house of God, 1 Mos 32,9 he withholds from me nothing כִּי אִםאֿוֺתָךְ except thee, 3 Mos 21,2; 4 Mos 14,30 (after אִם), 4 Mos 26,65 (compare 4 Mos 32,12 בִּלְתִּי), Jos 14,4; 1 Sam 30,17; 1 Sam 30,22; 2 Sam 12,3 אֵין כֹּל כִּי אִםֿ (so 2 Kong 4,2), 2 Kong 19,29; 1 Kong 17,1 (after אִם), 1 Kong 22,31; 2 Kong 5,15; 2 Kong 9,35; 2 Kong 13,7; Jer 22,17; Jer 44,14 +; after אַל, 2 Kron 23,6 followed by an adverb clause, 1 Mos 42,15; 4 Mos 35,33; 2 Sam 3,13 (but כִּי אִם and לִפְנֵי are mutually exclusive: read probably with ᵐ5 כִּי אִםהֵֿבֵיאתָ); after an interrogative Es 42,19 who is blind כִּי אִםעַֿבְדִּי but my servant ? (who is blind in comparison with him ?), 5 Mos 10,12; Mik 6,8; Praed 5,10; 2 Kron 2,5.
\ \ b. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic (compare אִם 1 c), so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but (= a slightly strengthened כִּי), 1 Mos 15,4 this man shall not be thy heir; ׳כִּי אִםאֲֿשֶׁר וג but one that shall come forth from thy own bowels, he shall be thy heir (compare 1 Kong 8,19), 1 Kong 32,29 thy name shall no more be called Jacob כִּי אִםיִֿשְׂרָאֵל but Israel (compare כִּי alone 1 Kong 17,15), 1 Kong 47,18 we will not hide it from my lord, but the money . . . is all made over to, etc., 2 Mos 12,9 not boiled in water, but roast with fire, 5 Mos 7,5; 5 Mos 12,5; 5 Mos 16,6; Jos 23,8; 1 Sam 2,15 he will not take of thee boiled flesh כִּי אִםחָֽֿי׃ but raw, 1 Sam 8,19 לֹא כִּי אִםמֶֿלֶךְ יִהְיֶה עָלֵינוּ nay, but a king shall be over us (compare כי alone, 1 Sam 10,19; 1 Sam 12,12), 1 Sam 21,5; 2 Sam 5,6; 1 Kong 18,18; 2 Kong 10,23 (פֶּן), Es 33,21; Es 55,10; Es 55,11; Es 59,2; Jer 3,10; Jer 7,32; Jer 9,23; Jer 16,15; Jer 20,3; Jer 44,10; Sl 1,2; Sl 1,4; Ord 23,17 (אַל) Psalm +; with the principal verb repeated (as 1 Mos 15,4; 1 Kong 8,19), 3 Mos 21,14; Ezk 44,22; 4 Mos 10,30; 2 Kong 23,23; Jer 39,12 Kt (Qr omit אִם), compare Jer 7,23. Occasionally in colloquial language, the negative, it seems, is left to be understood: 1 Sam 26,10 as ׳י liveth, (by no means,) כִּי אִם but ׳י shall smite him, 2 Sam 13,33 Kt (by no means,) but Amnon alone is dead (Qr omits אִם). Followed by imperative Es 65,18; Ezk 12,23; Jer 39,12; 2 Kron 25,8. Sometimes also, though rarely (and not certainly), כִּי אִם appears to have the force of only even without a previous negative: 1 Mos 40,14 כִּי אִםזְֿכַרְתָּנִי אִתְּךָ only have (?) me in remembrance with thyself (but read perhaps אַךְ for כִּי; see Dr§ 119 δ n., the use of a bare perfect, without לוּ, or even waw consecutive, to express a wish or command is unexampled), 4 Mos 24,22 כִּי אִםֿ יִהְיֶה לְבָעֵר קָֽיִן׃ only, nevertheless, the Kenite shall be for extermination (compare Di), Job 42,8 (De Di) כִּי אִםפָּֿנָיו אֶשָּׂא
\ \ c. after an oath כִּי אִם appears to = a strengthened כִּי (compare בִּלְתִּי אִם, אִם ׃עַד אִם 1 c), introducing the fact sworn to (see כִּי 1 c): 2 Kong 5,20 as ׳י liveth, כִּי אִםרַֿצְתִּי surely I will run (perfect of certitude) after him, etc., Jer 51,14 (Ges Hi Gf RV) surley I will fill thee with men (namely, assailants), etc. (but Ew Ke Ch treat the particles as separate (כִּי as כִּי 1 c): though I have filled thee with men —; i.e. increased thy population, — yet shall they — the assailants — lift up the shout against thee), 2 Sam 15,21 Kt (Qr omits אִם); after an assever. particle Rut 3,12 Kt וְעַתָּה כִּי אָמְנָם כִּי אִם גּוֺאֵל אָנֹכִי and now, yea indeed, surely I am thy kinsman (Qr omits אִם); the oath being understood, Dom 15,7 if ye do thus, כִּי אִםנִֿקַּמְתִּי surely (Ges hercle) I will avenge myself, 1 Sam 21,6 כִּי אִםאִֿשָּׁה עֲצֻרָה לָנוּ of a truth women have been kept from us, etc., 1 Kong 20,6 surely tomorrow I will send, etc., Ord 23,18 (see De) surely there is a reward; perhaps also Job 42,8.
\ \ a. limiting the preceding clause, except (after a negative, or an oath, or question, the equivalent of a negative) — the most usual term for expressing this idea: followed by verb 1 Mos 32,27 I will not let thee go; כִּי אִםבֵּֿרַכְתָּֽנִי literally but (כִּי 3 e) if thou bless me (that is, I will let thee go), i.e., subordinating the second clause to the first, 'I will not let thee go, except thou bless me;' 3 Mos 22,6 he shall not eat of the holy things כִּי אִםרָֿחַץ except he have washed his flesh, Es 65,6; Amos 3,7; Rut 3,18; Klg 5,21f. (Ew Näg Ke Che Öttli), turn thou us unto thee, etc., unless thou have utterly rejected us, (and) art very wroth with us (= Or hast thou utterly rejected us? etc. Ew Öttli); followed by a noun, except, but, 1 Mos 28,17 this is nothing ׳כִּי אִםבֵּֿית הָאֱ but the house of God, 1 Mos 32,9 he withholds from me nothing כִּי אִםאֿוֺתָךְ except thee, 3 Mos 21,2; 4 Mos 14,30 (after אִם), 4 Mos 26,65 (compare 4 Mos 32,12 בִּלְתִּי), Jos 14,4; 1 Sam 30,17; 1 Sam 30,22; 2 Sam 12,3 אֵין כֹּל כִּי אִםֿ (so 2 Kong 4,2), 2 Kong 19,29; 1 Kong 17,1 (after אִם), 1 Kong 22,31; 2 Kong 5,15; 2 Kong 9,35; 2 Kong 13,7; Jer 22,17; Jer 44,14 +; after אַל, 2 Kron 23,6 followed by an adverb clause, 1 Mos 42,15; 4 Mos 35,33; 2 Sam 3,13 (but כִּי אִם and לִפְנֵי are mutually exclusive: read probably with ᵐ5 כִּי אִםהֵֿבֵיאתָ); after an interrogative Es 42,19 who is blind כִּי אִםעַֿבְדִּי but my servant ? (who is blind in comparison with him ?), 5 Mos 10,12; Mik 6,8; Praed 5,10; 2 Kron 2,5.
\ \ b. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic (compare אִם 1 c), so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but (= a slightly strengthened כִּי), 1 Mos 15,4 this man shall not be thy heir; ׳כִּי אִםאֲֿשֶׁר וג but one that shall come forth from thy own bowels, he shall be thy heir (compare 1 Kong 8,19), 1 Kong 32,29 thy name shall no more be called Jacob כִּי אִםיִֿשְׂרָאֵל but Israel (compare כִּי alone 1 Kong 17,15), 1 Kong 47,18 we will not hide it from my lord, but the money . . . is all made over to, etc., 2 Mos 12,9 not boiled in water, but roast with fire, 5 Mos 7,5; 5 Mos 12,5; 5 Mos 16,6; Jos 23,8; 1 Sam 2,15 he will not take of thee boiled flesh כִּי אִםחָֽֿי׃ but raw, 1 Sam 8,19 לֹא כִּי אִםמֶֿלֶךְ יִהְיֶה עָלֵינוּ nay, but a king shall be over us (compare כי alone, 1 Sam 10,19; 1 Sam 12,12), 1 Sam 21,5; 2 Sam 5,6; 1 Kong 18,18; 2 Kong 10,23 (פֶּן), Es 33,21; Es 55,10; Es 55,11; Es 59,2; Jer 3,10; Jer 7,32; Jer 9,23; Jer 16,15; Jer 20,3; Jer 44,10; Sl 1,2; Sl 1,4; Ord 23,17 (אַל) Psalm +; with the principal verb repeated (as 1 Mos 15,4; 1 Kong 8,19), 3 Mos 21,14; Ezk 44,22; 4 Mos 10,30; 2 Kong 23,23; Jer 39,12 Kt (Qr omit אִם), compare Jer 7,23. Occasionally in colloquial language, the negative, it seems, is left to be understood: 1 Sam 26,10 as ׳י liveth, (by no means,) כִּי אִם but ׳י shall smite him, 2 Sam 13,33 Kt (by no means,) but Amnon alone is dead (Qr omits אִם). Followed by imperative Es 65,18; Ezk 12,23; Jer 39,12; 2 Kron 25,8. Sometimes also, though rarely (and not certainly), כִּי אִם appears to have the force of only even without a previous negative: 1 Mos 40,14 כִּי אִםזְֿכַרְתָּנִי אִתְּךָ only have (?) me in remembrance with thyself (but read perhaps אַךְ for כִּי; see Dr§ 119 δ n., the use of a bare perfect, without לוּ, or even waw consecutive, to express a wish or command is unexampled), 4 Mos 24,22 כִּי אִםֿ יִהְיֶה לְבָעֵר קָֽיִן׃ only, nevertheless, the Kenite shall be for extermination (compare Di), Job 42,8 (De Di) כִּי אִםפָּֿנָיו אֶשָּׂא
\ \ c. after an oath כִּי אִם appears to = a strengthened כִּי (compare בִּלְתִּי אִם, אִם ׃עַד אִם 1 c), introducing the fact sworn to (see כִּי 1 c): 2 Kong 5,20 as ׳י liveth, כִּי אִםרַֿצְתִּי surely I will run (perfect of certitude) after him, etc., Jer 51,14 (Ges Hi Gf RV) surley I will fill thee with men (namely, assailants), etc. (but Ew Ke Ch treat the particles as separate (כִּי as כִּי 1 c): though I have filled thee with men —; i.e. increased thy population, — yet shall they — the assailants — lift up the shout against thee), 2 Sam 15,21 Kt (Qr omits אִם); after an assever. particle Rut 3,12 Kt וְעַתָּה כִּי אָמְנָם כִּי אִם גּוֺאֵל אָנֹכִי and now, yea indeed, surely I am thy kinsman (Qr omits אִם); the oath being understood, Dom 15,7 if ye do thus, כִּי אִםנִֿקַּמְתִּי surely (Ges hercle) I will avenge myself, 1 Sam 21,6 כִּי אִםאִֿשָּׁה עֲצֻרָה לָנוּ of a truth women have been kept from us, etc., 1 Kong 20,6 surely tomorrow I will send, etc., Ord 23,18 (see De) surely there is a reward; perhaps also Job 42,8.
הֵן BDB9477 · aramaisk
הֵן conjunction if, whether (Biblical Hebrew הֵן, q. v.: Zenjirli, Egyptian Aramaic (S-CPap. A 7 +), Palmyrene, Nabataean הן, Mandean הין if [ᵑ7Onk Jon use אם, ᵑ7Jer אין, Syriac ]); —
1. if, Dan 2,6; Dan 3,15; Dan 3,17; Dan 4,24; Dan 5,16; Dan 5,17, הֵן לָא ֗֗֗ Dan 2,5; Dan 2,9; Dan 3,15 vDan 3,18 הֵן לָ֔א if not.
2. repeated, הֵן ֗֗֗ הֵן sive ... sive, whether ... or (compare Biblical Hebrew אִם, 1 b 1), Ezr 7,26 (so PalmyreneTariff ii.c.19).
3. in indirect question, whether (compare אִם, 2 b), Ezr 5,17b יִתְבַּקַּר ֗֗֗ הֵן אִיתַי ֗֗֗ . — See also לָהֵן. p. 50, 243, 1099
הַסִּק etc., see סלק Haph`el
לָהֵן BDB9640 · aramaisk
II. לָהֵן conjunction except, but (from לָא and הֵן 'not if' (compare Hebrew אם לא 1 Mos 24,38); so Nabataean and Egyptian Aramaic להן Cooke217, 219, 241 S-CPap. C 6, 7 +; lâinnî, however SocArab. Dial. see Marokko 44, Anm. 103; ᵑ7 אִילָּהֵין 1 Mos 32,28; 1 Mos 43,3 and elsewhere); —
1. after a negative (= Biblical Hebrew כִּי אִם, q. v.):
\ \ a. except Dan 2,11; Dan 3,28; Dan 6,6; Dan 6,8.
\ \ b. but (German sondern) Dan 2,30.
\ \ a. except Dan 2,11; Dan 3,28; Dan 6,6; Dan 6,8.
\ \ b. but (German sondern) Dan 2,30.
2. without a negative: however, but Ezr 5,12.
Forekomster pr. bog
Alle 929 vers
Versnumrene følger den hebraiske tekst og kan i enkelte bøger (fx Salmerne) afvige med et vers fra de danske.
1. Mosebog
2. Mosebog
3. Mosebog
4. Mosebog
5. Mosebog
Dommernes Bog
1. Samuelsbog
2. Samuelsbog
1. Kongebog
2. Kongebog
Jobs Bog
- 1 11
- 2 5
- 4 17
- 6 5 6 12 13 28 30
- 7 4 12
- 8 3 4 5 6 18
- 9 3 15 16 19 20 23 24 27 30
- 10 4 5 14 15
- 11 2 7 10 13 14
- 13 8 9 10
- 14 5 7 8 14
- 16 6
- 17 2 13 16
- 19 5
- 20 6 12
- 21 4 6
- 22 3 20 23
- 24 25
- 27 4 5 10 14 16
- 30 24 25
- 31 5 7 9 13 16 19 20 21 24 25 26 29 31 33 36 38 39
- 33 5 23 32 33
- 34 14 16 17 32
- 35 6 7
- 36 8 11 12 29
- 37 13 20
- 38 4 18 33
- 39 9 10 13 27
- 40 9 27
- 42 8
Salmernes Bog
Ordsprogenes Bog
Esajas' Bog
Jeremias' Bog
Ezekiels Bog
Kilder: F. Brown, S.R. Driver og C.A. Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain, i Eliran Wongs udgave (marvel.bible) med tekst fra Tim Morton (Bible Analyzer) og bibelhenvisninger ved Stephen Ku. Forekomster og ordklasser: BHSA (ETCBC). Lemma og translitteration: Strong's hebraiske ordliste.