Plain
Easton's Bible Dictionary
Heb. ‘abel (Judg 11:33), a “grassy plain” or “meadow.” Instead of “plains of the vineyards,” as in the Authorized Version, the Revised Version has “Abel-cheramim” (q.v.), comp. Judg 11:22; 2 Chr 16:4.
Heb. kikar, “the circle,” used only of the Ghor, or the low ground along the Jordan (Gen 13:10-12; 19:17, 25, 28, 29; Deut 34:3; 2 Sam 18:23; 1 Kgs 7:46; 2 Chr 4:17; Neh 3:22; 12:28), the floor of the valley through which it flows. This name is applied to the Jordan valley as far north as Succoth.
Heb. mishor, “level ground,” smooth, grassy table-land (Deut 3:10; 4:43; Josh 13:9, 16, 17, 21; 20:8; Jer 48:21), an expanse of rolling downs without rock or stone. In these passages, with the article prefixed, it denotes the plain in the tribe of Reuben. In 2 Chr 26:10 the plain of Judah is meant. Jerusalem is called “the rock of the plain” in Jer 21:13, because the hills on which it is built rise high above the plain.
Heb. ‘arabah, the valley from the Sea of Galilee southward to the Dead Sea (the “sea of the plain,” 2 Kgs 14:25; Deut 1:1; 2:8), a distance of about 70 miles. It is called by the modern Arabs the Ghor. This Hebrew name is found in Authorized Version (Josh 18:18), and is uniformly used in the Revised Version. Down through the centre of this plain is a ravine, from 200 to 300 yards wide, and from 50 to 100 feet deep, through which the Jordan flows in a winding course. This ravine is called the “lower plain.”
The name Arabah is also applied to the whole Jordan valley from Mount Hermon to the eastern branch of the Red Sea, a distance of about 200 miles, as well as to that portion of the valley which stretches from the Sea of Galilee to the same branch of the Red Sea, i.e., to the Gulf of Akabah about 100 miles in all.
Heb. shephelah, “low ground,” “low hill-land,” rendered “vale” or “valley” in Authorized Version (Josh 9:1; 10:40; 11:2; 12:8; Judg 1:9; 1 Kgs 10:27). In Authorized Version (1 Chr 27:28; 2 Chr 26:10) it is also rendered “low country.” In Jer 17:26, Obad. 1:19, Zech 7:7, “plain.” The Revised Version renders it uniformly “low land.” When it is preceded by the article, as in Deut 1:7, Josh 11:16; 15:33, Jer 32:44; 33:13, Zech 7:7, “the shephelah,” it denotes the plain along the Mediterranean from Joppa to Gaza, “the plain of the Philistines.”
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
plan
(1) kikkar, "circle" "talent," or "round loaf";
(2) mishor, from yashar, "to be level"; compare Arabic maisur, "that which is easy";
(3) biqah; compare Arabic baq`at, "a plot of ground" or "a wet meadow";
(4) `arabhah;
(5) shephelah;
(6) topos pedinos (Luke 6:17);
(7) 'elon; compare elah, and 'allon "oak" (Gen 35:4; Gen 35:8, etc.); also 'elah, "Elah" (1 Sam 17:2);
(8) 'abhel):
See NATURAL FEATURES.
(1) Kikkar, when meaning "plain" usually refers to the alluvial plain about Jericho near the north end of the Dead Sea: "Plain (the Revised Version margin "circle") of the Jordan" (Gen 13:10; Gen 13:11; 1 Kgs 7:46; 2 Chr 4:17); "Plain of the valley of Jericho" (Deut 34:3); "cities of the Plain" (Gen 13:12; Gen 19:29); "all the Plain" (Gen 19:17; Gen 19:25); "by the way of the Plain" (2 Sam 18:23); but "the plain round about Jerusalem" (Neh 12:28).
See CICCAR; CIRCLE.
(2) Mishor, English Versions of the Bible "plain," the Revised Version margin usually "table-land," clearly refers in most places to the highlands of Gilead and Moab, East of the Jordan and the Dead Sea; e.g. Josh 13:9, "the plain (the Revised Version margin "table-land") of Medeba."
(3) Biq`ah is more often translated "valley" (which see).
(4) `Arabhah is in the Revised Version (British and American) often translated "the Arabah," denoting the whole Jordan-Dead-Sea-Arabah depression equals Arabic Ghaur (Ghor). In Deut 11:30, the King James Version has "champaign" (which see). The "plains of Moab" (Num 22:1; Num 26:3; Num 26:13; Num 31:12; Num 33:48; Num 33:49; Num 33:50; Num 35:1; Num 36:13; Deut 34:1; Deut 34:8; Josh 13:32) and "plains of Jericho" (Josh 4:13; Josh 5:10; 2 Kgs 25:5; Jer 39:5; Jer 52:8) are the low plain or ghaur North of the Dead Sea. `Arabhah is here equivalent to kikkar (see above). Note the distinction between mishor used of the highlands, and kikkar and `arabhah used of the ghaur.
See ARABAH.
(5) Shephelah is by the Revised Version (British and American) throughout translated "lowland" (which see), and includes the western slopes of the Judean hills and the maritime plain.
(6) Topos pedinos occurs only in Luke 6:17.
(7) `Elon is translated "plain" in the King James Version: "plain of Moreh" (Gen 12:6; Deut 11:30); "plain (or plains) of Mamre" (Gen 13:18; Gen 14:13; Gen 18:1); "plain of Zaanaim" (Judg 4:11); "plain of the pillar" (Judg 9:6); "plain of Meonenim" (Judg 9:37); "plain of Tabor" (1 Sam 10:3). the Revised Version (British and American) has throughout "oak," the Revised Version margin "terebinth"; compare "oak" (Gen 35:4; Gen 35:8, etc.) and "vale of Elah" (1 Sam 17:2; 1 Sam 17:19; 1 Sam 21:9).
(8) ['Abhel keramim] (Judg 11:33) is in the King James Version "the plain of the vineyards," the Revised Version (British and American) "Abel-cheramim," the Revised Version margin "the meadow of vineyards." Elsewhere in English Versions of the Bible 'abhel is "Abel" or "Abel."
See ABEL-CHERAMIM; MEADOW.
Alfred Ely Day
Se også
Kilde: Easton's Bible Dictionary (M.G. Easton, 1897) og International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (red. James Orr, 1915/1939), public domain. Oversat til dansk med AI og endnu ikke gennemlæst (helt eller delvis). Koblinger til personer og steder: Theographic Bible Metadata (CC BY-SA 4.0).