עָשָׂה

Qal₂₅₂₄ Perfect 3 masculine singular 1 Mos 3,1 +, suffix עָשָׂהוּ Hos 8,6 +; 3 feminine singular עָֽשְׂתָה 5 Mos 22,21 +, וְעָשָׂת consecutive 3 Mos 25,21 2 masculine singular עָשִׂיתָ 1 Mos 3,14 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַעֲשֶׂה 1 Mos 18,25 +, וַיַּעֲשֶׂה 1 Kong 16,25 + 3 t., וַיַּעַשׂ Es 5,2 +; יַעֲשֵׂה Es 64,3, 2 masculine singular תַּעֲשֶׂה 1 Sam 10,8, תַּעֲשֵׂה 1 Mos 26,29; Jos 7,9, jussive (with אַל) תַּעַשׂ 1 Mos 22,12 +, תַּעֲשֵׂה 2 Sam 13,12; Jer 40,16 Qr (Kt תַּעַשׂ); 1 singular אֶעֱשֶׂה 1 Mos 2,18 +, וָאֶעֱשֶׂה Ezk 20,14; Dan 8,27, וָאַעַשׂ 5 Mos 10,3 + 4 t. Ezekiel; etc.; Imperative masculine singular עֲשֵׂה Dom 10,15 +; feminine singular עֲשִׂי Jer 6,26 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute עָשׂה Jer 44,17 +; עָשׂוֺ Jer 7,5 + 2 t. (Jer 4,18 van d. H. עָשׂוּ); construct עֲשׂוֺת 1 Mos 2,4 +, עֲשׂה 1 Mos 50,20 + 2 t., עֲשׂוֺ 1 Mos 31,28, suffix עֲשׂתוֺ 1 Mos 41,32 +, עֲשׂהוּ 2 Mos 18,18, etc.; Participle active עשֶֹׁה Es 5,5 +, suffix הָעשֹׁוֺ Job 40,19 (but see below); plural עשִֹׁים 1 Mos 24,49 +; suffix עשָֹׁ֑י Job 35,10 (yet see Ges^{«GKC:124k»§ 124k}), etc.; passive עָשׂוּי 2 Mos 3,16 +, הֶעָשׂוּ Job 41,25 (Ges^{«GKC:75k»§ 75k}); feminine עֲשׂוּיָה Ezk 21,20 +, etc.; —

I. 1. do (1560 + t.):
\ \ a. (1) with accusative active 1 Mos 3,14 (J) 1 Mos 20,10 (E) + often; do right in eyes of ׳י 2 Kong 12,3; 2 Kong 14,13 +, evil 2 Kong 8,18; 2 Kong 8,27 + (compare I. עַיִן 3 c); do God's commands, statutes, etc., 5 Mos 16,12; 5 Mos 30,8; 4 Mos 15,39 (P); חַיִל ׳ע 1 Sam 14,48 + do might, i.e. mightily, valiantly; Ord 31,39 do efficiency, i.e. efficiently; = commit (offence) 3 Mos 20,13 (H), 5 Mos 20,18 followed by מִן particle, וְעָשָׂה מֵאַחַת מֵהֵנָּה 3 Mos 4,2 and shall do a single one of them (things prohibited; see מִן 3 b
\ \ \ (d)), compare ׳וְעָשׂוּ אַחַת מִכָּלמִֿצְוֺת י v3 Mos 4,13 v3 Mos 4,22; 3 Mos 5,17 (all P); do = perform a work, with accusative of congnate meaning with verb מַעֲשֶׂה 2 Mos 18,20; 2 Mos 23,12 (E), also (׳י subject) 5 Mos 11,7; Dan 9,14; Praed 3,11 with accusative מְלָאכָה 1 Mos 2,2 (twice in verse) (J), 2 Mos 20,9; 2 Mos 20,10 = 5 Mos 9,13 (10 Words); with accusative דְּרָכֶיךָ Es 58,13 מְלוּכָה עַל ׳ע 1 Kong 21,7 = exercise sovereignty over; of ׳י performing signs (אֹתֹת) Jos 24,17 (E), 4 Mos 14,11; 4 Mos 14,22 (JE), 5 Mos 11,3, so Moses 2 Mos 4,17 and (מֹפְתִים) v2 Mos 4,21. (2) do something to one (ל person) 1 Mos 20,9 (E), Dom 9,56 +; with עַל reflexive Jer 26,19 do evil against ourselves; especially ׳י subject, with לְ, do good to 2 Mos 18,9 (E), 2 Kong 8,66, or evil 1 Mos 42,28 (E); in phrase so may God do to me, etc. 1 Sam 3,17; 2 Kong 6,31 + (see יסף

Hiph`il 1.). (3) do something for one (ל person) 1 Mos 30,31; 1 Kong 11,8 +, direct object omitted 1 Sam 20,4 + ל of thing Dom 21,7; Dom 21,16 what shall we do for them, for wives ? with עַל person Neh 5,19 with dativus ethicus [dative of interest] (ל) 1 Sam 10,7 with לְ, of ׳י doing kindness for 1 Sam 22,3 executing vengeance for Dom 11,36 (+ מִן of enemy); ׳י doing a sign (אוֺת) for Dom 6,17 (elsewhere נָתַן אוֺת לְ), compare עֲשֵׂהעִֿמִּי אוֺת לְטוֺבָה Sl 86,17. (4) do something (in relation or intercourse) wilth (אֵת person), ׳י subject 5 Mos 1,30 all that he did with you, 5 Mos 10,21 (compare Sl 86,17 above), human subject 2 Kron 24,24 (object שְׁפָטִים), Rut 2,11. (5) seldom with ב, usually of executing judgment upon 1 Sam 28,18; Es 48,14, more generally Est 1,15 what shall we do with the queen ? also, subject ׳י, Ezk 25,11; Ezk 28,26; Sl 149,7; Sl 149,9; 4 Mos 33,4 (on false gods); in good sense, ׳חֲסָדִים בּ ׳ע Neh 13,14. (6) of ׳י doing the justice (מִשְׁפַּט) of any one, i.e. maintaining his cause 1 Kong 8,45; 1 Kong 8,49; Sl 9,5. (7) with adverb do thus, כֹּה, Jos 6,14 (JE), according to, כְּ 1 Mos 6,22 (P), 1 Mos 18,21 (J), 1 Kong 2,6 accusative as, כַּאֲשֶׁר 1 Mos 27,19 (J); 2 Mos 1,17 (E) +; with בְּ of manner, Dom 9,16a, Ezk 8,18; Ezk 25,15.
\ \ b. work for (ל of thing) 1 Mos 30,30 (J); with ל person 1 Sam 14,6; Ezk 29,20 (for ׳י); work in (ב) gold or other material 1 Kong 7,14; 2 Kron 2,6; 2 Kron 2,13; 2 Mos 31,4; 2 Mos 31,5; 2 Mos 35,32 (all P); with בָּהּ (i.e. בָּעֲבֹדָה) 2 Mos 5,9 (J) in toil; work with (עִם) God 1 Sam 14,45, so probably of God's working with (אֵת) Moses and Aaron 1 Sam 12,6 (usually appoint); with אֵת with (of person in whose company, in whose field Rut 2,19 (twice in verse) (gleaning); work בְּחֵפֶץ כַּפֶּיהָ Ord 31,13 without preposition 2 Mos 36,1; Neh 3,28.

2. deal with, with עִם, 2 Kron 2,2; Dan 1,13 (כַּאֲשֶׁר accusative as); with אֵת, Ezk 20,44; Sl 109,21; Ezk 22,14; Sef 3,19 (perhaps; Gr Now insert כָּלָה, see II 1 g), + כְּ Jer 21,2, + בְּ of manner Ezk 23,25; Ezk 23,29 with לְ person + בְּ Ezk 25,12 with בְּ person, Jer 18,23; Dan 11,7, + כְּ according to Neh 9,24; Est 3,11.

3. often in phrase, do kindness (חֶסֶד) with: with (עִמָּדִ) עִם 1 Mos 19,19; 1 Mos 24,12; 1 Mos 12,14 (J), Dom 1,24; Dom 8,35; 1 Sam 15,6; 2 Sam 2,5; 2 Sam 10,2 = 1 Kron 19,2 +; with עַל, 1 Sam 20,8 (but read עִם Vrss We Dr and others); absolute, Sl 109,16 object חֶסֶד + אֱמֶת, with עִם, Jos 2,14 (JE) Dom 9,19; 2 Sam 2,6 with אֵת with, 1 Mos 24,49; 1 Mos 32,11; 1 Mos 47,29 (all J); with לְ, 2 Mos 20,6 = 5 Mos 5,10; 2 Sam 22,51 = Sl 18,51 so טוֺב ׳ע, with עִם, 1 Mos 26,29 (J), compare Dom 8,35; Dom 9,16 with אֵת with, 1 Sam 24,19; 2 Sam 2,6.

4. absolute act, act with effect, especially of ׳י, 1 Kong 8,32; 1 Kong 8,39; Jer 14,7; Ezk 20,9; Ezk 20,14; Ezk 20,22; Sl 22,32; Sl 37,5; Sl 52,11; Dan 9,19 of men 2 Kron 31,21; Dan 8,12; Dan 8,24; Dan 11,28; Dan 11,30; Dan 11,32 with ל of person Ezk 31,11.

II. 1. make (670 + t.):
\ \ a. with object concrete, ark 1 Mos 8,6, altar 1 Mos 13,4, idols Dom 18,24; Dom 18,31 +, etc.
\ \ b. often of God's making (creating) 1 Mos 3,1 (J), 1 Mos 1,7; 1 Mos 1,16; 1 Mos 1,25 (P), Neh 9,6; Job 9,9; Ord 8,26; 2 Kron 2,11; Sl 95,5 +; making man Sl 100,3; Sl 119,73 (made by God's hands), in the womb Job 31,15 (twice in verse); making, constituting, nation 5 Mos 26,19; 5 Mos 32,6; 5 Mos 32,15 participle suffix עשֵֹׁהוּ his Maker Es 17,7; Ord 14,31; Ord 17,5 (הָעשֹׁוֺ Job 40,19 is improbable, most read הֶעָשָׂוּי, with various interpretation of following words); עשֶֹׁךָ Es 51,13, עשֵֹׁנִי Job 32,23 (Ginsb; vJob 32,22 van d. H. Baer), עשֵֹׁנוּ Sl 95,6 so apparently plural participle עשָֹׁ֑י Job 35,10, עשַֹׁיִךְ Es 54,5 (Ges^{«GKC:124k»§ 124k} explanation as sg.).
\ \ c. make something, with לְ reflexive, make for thee 2 Mos 20,4; 5 Mos 9,12; 5 Mos 10,1 +, for (ל) another 1 Sam 2,19; 2 Sam 7,11; 1 Kong 2,24 +; object מִשְׁתֶּה banquet 1 Mos 40,20; Est 5,4, also (no ל) 1 Mos 29,22 (E) Dom 14,10; Est 5,5; Est 5,12 and (figurative, ׳י subject) Es 25,6 with ל of thing, 5 Mos 22,8 with ל of animal 1 Mos 33,17 (J).
\ \ d. make a name (שֵׁם) for oneself (ל) 2 Sam 7,9; 1 Kron 17,8, also (no ל) 2 Sam 8,13 a new heart for oneself (ל) Ezk 18,31.
\ \ e. make war with (אֶת) 1 Mos 14,2; Jos 11,18 (D); with עִם, 5 Mos 20,12; 5 Mos 20,20; 1 Kron 5,10; 1 Kron 5,19 absolute 1 Kron 22,8 with ל reflexive Ord 24,6 participle עשֵֹׁה מִלְחָמָה 2 Kron 11,1; 2 Kron 26,11; 2 Kron 26,13 make peace, with ל person Jos 9,15 (J); אִתִּי בְרָכָה ׳ע 2 Kong 18,31 make an agreement with me. feminine with ב, ׳פֶּרֶץ בּ ׳ע Dom 21,15 ׳י brought a catastrophe upon (compare פרץ).
\ \ g. with 2 accusative, make something out of (accusative mater.) 2 Mos 25,18; 2 Mos 28,13; 2 Mos 37,17; 2 Mos 37,24; Hoj 3,10; 5 Mos 10,3 +; make something into something (Ges^{«GKC:117ii»§ 117ii}) Hos 8,4; 1 Mos 27,9; Dom 17,4; 4 Mos 11,8; 4 Mos 17,3; Sl 104,4 make something כָּלָה, i. e. utterly destroy it Nah 1,8; Sef 1,18; Ezk 20,17; Neh 9,31 c. passive participle as 2nd accusative 2 Mos 38,7 they made it נְבוּב לֻחֹת hollow with boards, 2 Mos 39,9 but also with accusative + לְ, Hos 2,10 gold they made into (ל) the Baal, Dom 8,27; 2 Mos 27,3 (P), 5 Mos 9,14; Jer 37,15; Ezk 4,9; Es 44,17; Es 44,19 make something for (ל person), + מִן of material Hoj 3,9.

2. produce, yield: of grain, yielding meal Hos 8,7 (twice in verse), vineyard, grapes Es 5,2 (twice in verse); Es 5,4 (twice in verse); Es 5,10, tree, fruit 2 Kong 19,30 = Es 37,31; Hos 9,16; Jer 12,2; Jer 17,8; Ezk 17,23 (all figurative), 1 Mos 1,11; 1 Mos 1,12 (P); branches Job 14,9 and (figurative) Ezk 17,8 land, fruit 3 Mos 25,21 compare Hab 3,17, absolute 1 Mos 41,47 of seed Es 5,10, vine, shoots Ezk 17,6 (figurative); of cows, yielding milk Es 7,22 hippop. producing fat Job 15,27.

3. prepare, especially of dressing and cooking food, 1 Mos 18,7; 1 Mos 18,8; Dom 6,19; Dom 13,5; 1 Sam 25,18 (passive), 2 Sam 12,4 (twice in verse); 1 Mos 27,14; 1 Mos 27,17; 1 Mos 27,31; 2 Sam 13,5; 2 Sam 13,7; 1 Kong 17,12; 2 Mos 12,39 (+ ל reflexive); a bullock for sacrifice (see below) 1 Kong 18,23; 1 Kong 18,25; 1 Kong 18,26 כְּלֵי גוֺלָה Ezk 12,3 (+ ל reflexive); a chamber Neh 13,7 prepare to build (+ ל person and infinitive).

4. make offering, e.g. עוֺלָה Dom 13,16; Jer 33,18; 3 Mos 16,24, עוֺלָה וָזֶבַח 2 Kong 5,17 (+ ל of deity), הַחַטָּאת 3 Mos 14,19, אִשֶּׁה 4 Mos 15,3; 4 Mos 15,14, various offerings 1 Kong 8,64; 3 Mos 9,22; Ezk 45,17; Ezk 46,2 +; + ׳לי to ׳י 3 Mos 17,9 +; also with accusative of thing sacrificed (perhaps originally prepare or provide, see above) Ezk 43,25 (twice in verse); Ezk 46,15; 3 Mos 14,30; 3 Mos 15,15; 3 Mos 15,30; 3 Mos 16,9; 4 Mos 6,11; 4 Mos 6,17; Sl 66,15 (+ ל of deity) +; absolute = offer sacrifice 2 Mos 10,25 (E + ׳לי), to (ל) heathen gods 2 Kong 17,32.

5. attend to, put in order: pare (the nails) 5 Mos 21,12 wash (feet) 2 Sam 19,25 trim (beard) v.2 Sam 19,25 (compare French faire la barbe, German die Haare machen).

6. observe, celebrate, religious festival, e.g. passover 2 Mos 12,48; 4 Mos 9,4; 4 Mos 9,6; 4 Mos 9,13; Jos 5,10, also (+ ׳לי) 2 Mos 12,48; 4 Mos 9,10; 4 Mos 9,14 (all P), 5 Mos 16,1 +; sabbath 2 Mos 31,16; 5 Mos 5,15 feast of weeks 5 Mos 16,10, booths 5 Mos 16,13, Purim Est 9,21; Est 9,27, etc.

7. acquire property of various kinds (compare 'make money') 1 Mos 12,5; 1 Mos 31,5 (J), Es 15,7; Jer 17,11; Jer 48,36; 5 Mos 8,18; Ezk 22,18; Ezk 28,4 (twice in verse); Ezk 38,12; 2 Kron 32,29; Praed 2,8 + ל reflexive 5 Mos 8,17; 2 Sam 15,1; 1 Kong 1,5 of fruits from vineyards, etc. Sl 107,37.

8. appoint priests 1 Kong 12,31; 1 Kong 13,33; 2 Kron 2,17 (all + מִן source), a feast 1 Kong 12,32; 1 Kong 12,33 (+ ל person); ordain a sacrifice 4 Mos 28,6, a festal day Sl 118,24 institute, אוֺב וְיִדְּעֹנִי ghost and familiar spirit 2 Kong 21,6 = 2 Kron 33,6 (compare Dr^{5 Mos 18,11}).

9. bring about, of ׳י's effecting a deliverance 2 Mos 14,13 (לָכֶם), 1 Sam 11,13; 2 Sam 23,10 (insert also || 1 Kron 11,13 Dr), v1 Kron 11,12 cause, followed by clause with שֶׁ Praed 3,14.

10. use, לִמְלַאכְתּוֺ ׳וְע 1 Sam 8,16 passive 2 Mos 38,24.

11. spend, pass, days of life Praed 6,12. Niph`al₉₇ Perfect 3 masculine singular נַעֲשָׂה Dom 16,11 +; 3 feminine singular נֶעֶשְׂתָה 2 Sam 17,23 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יֵעָשֶׂה 1 Mos 29,26 +, 3 feminine singular with ו subordinate וְתֵעָשׂ Est 5,6; Est 7,2; Est 9,12 (Ges^{«GKC:109»§ 109} f.), etc.; Infinitive construct הֵעָשׂוֺת Est 9,1; Est 9,14, etc., Participle נַעֲשֶׂה Neh 5,18, etc.; —

1. be done (passive of Qal I 1):
\ \ a. subject מְלָאכָה Dom 16,11 (with ב instrumental), Neh 6,16 (with מֵאֵת אֱלֹהִים ), vNeh 6,9; 2 Mos 12,16 + 4 t.; subject omitted Ezk 44,14, indefinite Est 4,1 with כֵּן Est 9,14 be done, כַּתּוֺרָה Ezr 10,3 be committed, of offence, 5 Mos 13,15; 4 Mos 15,24; Praed 4,1 + 3 t.; with negative not (yet) done, i.e. future Es 46,10 be accomplished, performed, fulfilled Ezk 12,35; Ezk 12,38; Dan 11,36; Est 5,5; Est 7,2; Est 9,12 be executed, carried out, of sentence Praed 8,11, decree Est 9,1 be followed, of counsel 2 Sam 17,28 nearly = occur Praed 1,9 (twice in verse); Praed 1,13; Praed 9,3; Praed 9,6, subject מַעֲשֶׂה Praed 1,14; Praed 2,17; Praed 4,3; Praed 8,9; Praed 8,17, subject הֶבֶל vPraed 8,14, עִנְיָן vPraed 8,15.
\ \ b. Imperfect with negative, is (are) not done, not according to usage, of flagrant offences 1 Mos 20,9 (E), 1 Mos 29,26 (with כֵּן), 1 Mos 34,7 (both J), 2 Sam 13,12 (כֵּן); hence (P) not to be done, forbidden by ׳י 3 Mos 4,2; 3 Mos 4,13; 3 Mos 4,22; 3 Mos 4,27; 3 Mos 5,17.
\ \ c. be done to, with ל of animal 1 Sam 11,7 (כֹּה); ל person 2 Mos 2,4 (E) 2 Mos 21,31 (E; כַּמִּשְׁפָּט), Es 3,11; Jer 5,13 (כֹּה), 3 Mos 24,19 (H; כֵּן), 4 Mos 15,34 (P) + 8 t.; be done for, ל person Dom 11,37; Est 6,3, עִם person vEst 6,3 ל of thing 4 Mos 15,11 (כָּכָה).
\ \ d. be done upon, against (ב) Dan 9,12.

2. (passive of Qal II):
\ \ a. be made, of conr. things 1 Kong 10,20 = 2 Kron 9,19 (throne), Jer 3,16 (ark), 2 Kong 12,14; Ezk 43,18; 2 Mos 25,31; 4 Mos 4,36 (P); with accusative mat; 3 Mos 2,7.
\ \ b. be produced from (מִן) vine 4 Mos 6,4.
\ \ c. be prepared, of food 2 Mos 12,16; 3 Mos 6,14; 3 Mos 7,9 (all P), Neh 5,18 (twice in verse).
\ \ d. be offered, מִנְחָה 3 Mos 2,8; 3 Mos 2,11, kid 4 Mos 28,15; 4 Mos 28,24.
\ \ e. be observed, passover 2 Kong 24,22; 2 Kong 24,23 (ל of deity) = 2 Kron 35,18; 2 Kron 35,19 Purim Est 9,28. feminine be used + ל of thing 3 Mos 7,24 (P); 3 Mos 13,51 (P) Ezk 15,5 (twice in verse). Pu`al Perfect 1 singular עֻשֵּׂיתִי Sl 139,15 I was made.